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Sepsis | Collections | MSF Science Portal
Sepsis

Sepsis

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Neglected tropical diseases

Neglected tropical diseases

Each year hundreds of thousands of people die from a neglected tropical disease, while many more suffer serious illness or lifelong disability. Yet as we mark World Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) Day on 30th January, global progress towards eliminating these diseases is threatened by shifting global health priorities and declining investment in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic.


The content collection linked below offers a snapshot of MSF’s work on managing some of the most deadly NTDs, finding better tools and models of care for highly affected populations, and advocating for greater access to care and increased global funding. Several authors describe our programs and lessons learned from a decade of treating snakebite victims in sub-Saharan Africa. Two studies evaluate shorter, less toxic treatment for visceral leischmaniasis, while a policy analysis proposes critical steps towards eliminating this horrific disease in East Africa. Last, reports from Sokoto, Nigeria describe the collaborative development of a comprehensive model of care for noma.

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World Antimicrobial Awareness Week 2021
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Healthcare needs of older people in humanitarian settings

Healthcare needs of older people in humanitarian settings

Globally, the number of older people is rapidly increasing, with those aged 60+ expected to more than double by 2050—yet in humanitarian crises, they remain one of the most neglected groups. Older adults often face higher risks due to chronic illnesses, mobility issues, and limited access to appropriate care, especially in low-resource or emergency settings. Despite these needs, humanitarian responses rarely prioritize them, and data on their health and mortality are often lacking.


This collection reflects MSF’s ongoing examination of its own data and practices to identify pathways toward more age-inclusive services in humanitarian crises. It includes analysis of data from MSF-supported mental health services, inpatient departments, and sexual violence services, and further offers several calls to action and reflections on why older people remain overlooked in humanitarian crises. However, MSF also acknowledges major challenges remain, including inadequate age-inclusive services, data gaps, and the need for more geriatric expertise.


Watch this space for more publications from a Lancet Healthy Longevity series on healthcare rights and needs of older people.


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Journal Article
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Research

Risk stratification of childhood infection using host markers of immune and endothelial activation in Asia (Spot Sepsis): a multi-country, prospective, cohort study

Chandna A, Koshiaris C, Mahajan R, Ahmad RA, Van Anh DT,  et al.
2025-09-01 • Lancet Child and Adolescent Health
2025-09-01 • Lancet Child and Adolescent Health

BACKGROUND

Prognostic tools for febrile illnesses are urgently required in resource-constrained community contexts. Circulating immune and endothelial activatio...

Journal Article
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Research

Performance evaluation of the Mini-Lab, an all-in-one clinical bacteriology laboratory adapted to low-resource settings, in a district hospital in Central African Republic: a prospective descriptive study

Langendorf C, Ronat JB, Natale A, Vidal T, Kodo H,  et al.
2025-07-29 • International Journal of Infectious Diseases
2025-07-29 • International Journal of Infectious Diseases

BACKGROUND

Médecins sans Frontières designed an all-in-one microbiology laboratory (the "Mini-Lab") to improve bacterial infections diagnosis in low-r...

Journal Article
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Review

Antibiotic resistance in the Middle East and Southern Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mathu R, Diago-Navarro E, Lynch E, Degail MA, Ousley J,  et al.
2024-12-26 • JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance
2024-12-26 • JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance

INTRODUCTION

Despite global surveillance efforts, antibiotic resistance (ABR) is difficult to address in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In the absenc...

Journal Article
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Commentary

A call to bridge the diagnostic gap: diagnostic solutions for neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries

Gleeson B, Ferreyra C, Palamountain K, Jacob ST, Spotswood N,  et al.
2024-09-10 • BMJ Global Health
2024-09-10 • BMJ Global Health
Journal Article
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Review

Global, regional and national trends in the burden of neonatal respiratory failure and essentials of its diagnosis and management from 1992 to 2022: A scoping review

Tochie JN, Sibetcheu AT, Arrey-Ebot PE, Choukem SP
2024-01-01 • European Journal of Pediatrics
2024-01-01 • European Journal of Pediatrics
Neonatal respiratory failure (NRF) is an emergency which has not been examined extensively. We critically synthesized the contemporary in-hospital prevalence, mortality rate, predictors,...
Journal Article
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Case Report/Series

Retrospective analysis of fungemia among children in Anka General Hospital, Nigeria, from October 2018 to November 2021: a case series

Olubiyo R, Chukwumeze F, Lawal AM, Oloruntuyi G, Musoka H,  et al.
2023-07-18 • Oxford Medical Case Reports
2023-07-18 • Oxford Medical Case Reports
Yeast-related bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients are associated with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), hematological/oncological malignancies and admission to an intensiv...
Journal Article
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Review

C-reactive protein and procalcitonin use in adults in low- and middle-income countries: a narrative review

Lamrous A, Repetto EC, Depp T, Jimenez C, Chua AC,  et al.
2023-05-17 • JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance
2023-05-17 • JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance
OBJECTIVES
C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) are widely used biomarkers in high-income countries. However, evidence for their use in low- and middle-income countries (...
Journal Article
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Research

Evaluation of InTray cassettes directly from blood cultures for the diagnosis of sepsis in clinical bacteriology laboratories as an alternative to classic culture media

Natale A, Oueslati S, Rochard A, Lopez-Baez D, Ombelet S,  et al.
2023-01-31 • Diagnostics
2023-01-31 • Diagnostics
Culture media is fundamental in clinical bacteriology for the detection and isolation of bacterial pathogens. However, in-house media preparation could be challenging in low-resource set...
Journal Article
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Research

Early warning for healthcare acquired infections in neonatal care units in a low-resource setting using routinely collected hospital data: The experience from Haiti, 2014–2018

Lenglet AD, Contigiani O, Ariti C, Evens E, Charles K,  et al.
2022-06-23 • PLOS One
2022-06-23 • PLOS One
In low-resource settings, detection of healthcare-acquired outbreaks in neonatal units relies on astute clinical staff to observe unusual morbidity or mortality from sepsis as microbiolo...
Journal Article
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Research

When first line treatment of neonatal infection is not enough: blood culture and resistance patterns in neonates requiring second line antibiotic therapy in Bangui, Central African Republic

Nebbioso A, Ogundipe OF, Repetto EC, Mekiedje C, Sanke-Waigana H,  et al.
2021-12-13 • BMC Pediatrics
2021-12-13 • BMC Pediatrics
BACKGROUND
Infectious diseases account for the third most common cause of neonatal deaths. Globally, antibiotic resistance (ABR) has been increasingly challenging neonatal sepsis tre...
Journal Article
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Research

Multi-drug resistance and high mortality associated with community-acquired bloodstream infections in children in conflict-affected northwest Nigeria

Chukwumeze F, Lenglet AD, Olubiyo R, Lawal AM, Oluyide B,  et al.
2021-10-21 • Scientific Reports
2021-10-21 • Scientific Reports
Pediatric community-acquired bloodstream infections (CA-BSIs) in sub Saharan African humanitarian contexts are rarely documented. Effective treatment of these infections is additionally ...
Journal Article
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Research

Population pharmacokinetics and significant under-dosing of anti-tuberculosis medications in people with HIV and critical illness

Rao PS, Moore CC, Mbonde AA, Nuwagira E, Orikiriza P,  et al.
2021-06-18 • Antibiotics
2021-06-18 • Antibiotics
Critical illness from tuberculosis (TB) bloodstream infection results in a high case fatality rate for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Critical illness can lead to...
Journal Article
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Research

Rectal screening displays high negative predictive value for bloodstream infection with (ESBL-producing) Gram-negative bacteria in neonates with suspected sepsis in a low-resource setting neonatal care unit

Lenglet AD, Schuurmans J, Ariti C, Borgundvaag E, Charles K,  et al.
2020-12-01 • Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
2020-12-01 • Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
OBJECTIVES
We analysed the concordance of rectal swab isolates and blood culture for Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolates in neonates with a suspicion of neonatal sepsis admitted to...
Journal Article
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Research

Morbidities & outcomes of a neonatal intensive care unit in a complex humanitarian conflict setting, Hajjah Yemen: 2017-2018

Eze P, Al-Maktari F, Alshehari AH, Lawani LO
2020-07-29 • Conflict and Health
2020-07-29 • Conflict and Health
BACKGROUND
The protracted conflict in Yemen has taken a massive toll on the health system, negatively impacting the health of children, especially the most vulnerable age group; the ...
Journal Article
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Research

Negative pressure wound therapy versus standard treatment in patients with acute conflict-related extremity wounds: a pragmatic, multisite, randomised controlled trial

Älgå ABK, Haweizy R, Bashaireh K, Wong S, Lundgren KC,  et al.
2020-03-01 • Lancet Global Health
2020-03-01 • Lancet Global Health
Background: In armed conflict, injuries among civilians are usually complex and commonly affect the extremities. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is an alternative to standard trea...
Journal Article
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Research

A nosocomial outbreak of clinical sepsis in a neonatal care unit (NCU) in Port-Au-Prince Haiti, July 2014 - September 2015

Lenglet AD, Faniyan O, Hopman J
2018-03-21 • PLoS Currents
2018-03-21 • PLoS Currents
INTRODUCTION
Between July 2014 and September 2015, a neonatal care unit (NCU) in Port Au Prince, Haiti, experienced an outbreak of sepsis, most probably due to nosocomial transmissio...
Journal Article
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Research

Antimicrobial-resistant infections among postpartum women at a Ugandan referral hospital

Bebell LM, Ngonzi J, Bazira J, Fajardo Y, Boatin AA,  et al.
2017-04-13 • PLOS One
2017-04-13 • PLOS One
INTRODUCTION
Puerperal sepsis causes 10% of maternal deaths in Africa, but prospective studies on incidence, microbiology and antimicrobial resistance are lacking.

METHODS
Journal Article
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Research

Improved Neonatal Mortality at a District Hospital in Aweil, South Sudan

Thompson JA, Thomson A
2016-10-27 • Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
2016-10-27 • Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
Neonatal deaths comprise a growing proportion of global under-five mortality. However, data from the highest-burden areas is sparse. This descriptive retrospective study analyses the out...
Journal Article
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Research

Causes of pediatric mortality and case-fatality rates in eight Médecins Sans Frontières-supported hospitals in Africa

van den Boogaard W, Manzi M, Harries AD
2012-12-04 • Public Health Action
2012-12-04 • Public Health Action
SETTING
Eight pediatric hospital in-patient wards in remote, rural and/or insecure areas in Africa.

OBJECTIVES
To describe, in children aged <5 years, 1) overall and ind...
Journal Article
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Research

Mortality after fluid bolus in children with shock due to sepsis or severe infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ford NP, Hargreaves S, Shanks L
2012-08-30 • PLOS One
2012-08-30 • PLOS One
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of childhood mortality, yet controversy surrounds the current treatment approach. We conducted a systematic review to assess the evidence base for flu...
Journal Article
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Research

Adult and paediatric mortality patterns in a referral hospital in Liberia 1 year after the end of the war

Huerga H, Vasset B, Prados E
2009-02-24 • Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
2009-02-24 • Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The aim of this study was to describe and analyse hospital mortality patterns after the Liberian war. Data were collected retrospectively from January to July 2005 in a referral hospital...