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ASTMH Annual Meeting 2024 | Collections | MSF Science Portal
ASTMH Annual Meeting 2024

ASTMH Annual Meeting 2024

The American Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene (ASTMH) Annual Meeting is an international forum for the exchange of scientific and clinical advances in tropical medicine, hygiene and global health. The scientific content this year is 53% microbe focused, 15% clinically focused, 13% vector focused, 13% globally focused, and 6% intervention focused.

MSF and Epicentre are presenting on access and other challenges for children with visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, hurdles in malaria diagnostic testing, and ensuring equitable access to healthcare in conversations about financial sustainability.

This collection features research authored by the presenters and other topics highlighted at ASTMH.

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The climate crisis and health in humanitarian settings

The climate crisis and health in humanitarian settings
The climate crisis is also a health and humanitarian crisis, disproportionately impacting people in the world’s most climate-sensitive regions—mainly low- and low-middle income countries with the least capacity to respond. MSF and other humanitarian organizations witness the consequences daily. More frequent, intense weather events and a warming planet contribute to food and water scarcity, more severe and widespread disease outbreaks, and more injuries and preventable deaths. They also drive massive population displacement, with over 32 million people fleeing their homes in 2022 alone due to floods, drought, storms and fire—nearly triple the number displaced by violence and conflict. To mark Earth Day 2024 (22 April) we present a cross-section of work by MSF and collaborators, drawing from a range of data sources and from first-hand experience at our medical projects. Emphasizing the urgency of adapting humanitarian operations to the climate crisis, the collection also explores loss and damage through a health lens, proposes policies and practices for creating climate-resilient health organizations, and advocates for embedding fair, just ethics perspectives into humanitarian action and research on climate.
Healthcare needs of older people in humanitarian settings

Healthcare needs of older people in humanitarian settings
World NTD Day

World NTD Day
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Globally, the number of older people is rapidly increasing, with those aged 60+ expected to more than double by 2050—yet in humanitarian crises, they remain one of the most neglected groups. Older adults often face higher risks due to chronic illnesses, mobility issues, and limited access to appropriate care, especially in low-resource or emergency settings. Despite these needs, humanitarian responses rarely prioritize them, and data on their health and mortality are often lacking.


This collection reflects MSF’s ongoing examination of its own data and practices to identify pathways toward more age-inclusive services in humanitarian crises. It includes analysis of data from MSF-supported mental health services, inpatient departments, and sexual violence services, and further offers several calls to action and reflections on why older people remain overlooked in humanitarian crises. However, MSF also acknowledges major challenges remain, including inadequate age-inclusive services, data gaps, and the need for more geriatric expertise.


Watch this space for more publications from a Lancet Healthy Longevity series on healthcare rights and needs of older people.


Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) impact nearly 1.7 billion people each year, causing serious illness or lifelong disability among many—often leading to stigma and exclusion—and killing an estimated 200,000. The vast majority of sufferers live in the world’s poorest countries.


The World Health Organization’s NTD roadmap 2021-2030 aims to address 20 tropical diseases through prevention, control, elimination, and/or eradication. But despite some progress, reaching all its targets will take better, far more accessible diagnostics and treatments along with more robust strategies, political commitment and resources.


To mark World NTD Day, this collection spotlights work by MSF and collaborators on improving approaches to snakebite envenoming, kala azar and noma. One study presents an innovative artificial intelligence-based snakebite diagnostic tool, while others evaluate shorter, less toxic drug regimens or different models of care. Several commentaries advocate for national/regional strategies adapted to contexts ranging from remote villages to active conflict zones. Another crucial factor is the climate crisis, which is intensifying the transmission and geographic spread of many NTDs.

Journal Article
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Letter

Mpox: Neglect has led to a more dangerous virus now spreading across borders, harming and killing people. Leaders must take action to stop mpox now

McNab C, Torreele E, Alakija A, Aluso A, Cárdenas M,  et al.
2024-10-17 • PLOS Global Public Health
2024-10-17 • PLOS Global Public Health
Journal Article
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Research

The economic burden of visceral leishmaniasis and barriers to accessing healthcare in Tigray, North Ethiopia: A field based study

Tessema SB, Hagos T, Kehasy G, Paintain L, Adera C,  et al.
2024-10-15 • PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
2024-10-15 • PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

BACKGROUND

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important public health problem, which mainly affects the poor rural dwelling communities in Low- and Middle-Income...

Journal Article
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Research

Field evaluation of validity and feasibility of Pan-Lassa rapid diagnostic test for Lassa fever in Abakaliki, Nigeria: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study

Elsinga J, Sunyoto T, di Stefano L, Giorgetti PF, Kyi HA,  et al.
2024-09-01 • Lancet Infectious Diseases
2024-09-01 • Lancet Infectious Diseases

BACKGROUND 

Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever with few options for diagnosis and treatment; it...

Journal Article
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Research

A Pan Plasmodium lateral flow recombinase polymerase amplification assay for monitoring malaria parasites in vectors and human populations

Higgins M, Kristan M, Collins EL, Messenger LA, Dombrowski JG,  et al.
2024-08-30 • Scientific Reports
2024-08-30 • Scientific Reports

Robust diagnostic tools and surveillance are crucial for malaria control and elimination efforts. Malaria c...

Conference Material
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Poster

Descriptions of a paediatric visceral leishmaniasis cohort and their outcomes in Upper Nile State, South Sudan

Litster M, Sangma M, Kihara M, Nanclares C, de Bartolome Gisbert F,  et al.
2024-05-03 • MSF Paediatric Days 2024
2024-05-03 • MSF Paediatric Days 2024
Journal Article
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Protocol

Host, parasite and drug determinants of clinical outcomes following treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: a protocol for individual participant data meta-analysis

Kumar R, Dahal P, Singh-Phulgenda S, Siddiqui NA, Munir A,  et al.
2023-10-28 • BMJ Open
2023-10-28 • BMJ Open
INTRODUCTION
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease with an estimated 30 000 new cases occurring annually. There is an observed variation in the efficacy of the current f...
Journal Article
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Research

Proportion of paediatric admissions with any stage of noma at the Anka General Hospital, northwest Nigeria

Farley ES, Karinja MN, Lawal AM, Olaleye M, Muhammad S,  et al.
2023-10-27 • PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
2023-10-27 • PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
INTRODUCTION
Noma is a rapidly spreading infection of the oral cavity which mainly affects young children. Without early treatment, it can have a high mortality rate. Simple gingivit...
Journal Article
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Research

Evaluation of HRP2 and pLDH-based rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and prevalence of pfhrp2/3 deletions in Aweil, South Sudan

Lynch E, Jensen TO, Assao B, Chihana ML, Turuho T,  et al.
2022-09-09 • Malaria Journal
2022-09-09 • Malaria Journal
BACKGROUND
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for malaria are the primary tool for malaria diagnosis in sub-Saharan Africa but the utility of the most commonly used histidine-rich protein ...
Journal Article
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Review

Visceral leishmaniasis in pregnancy and vertical transmission: A systematic literature review on the therapeutic orphans

Dahal P, Singh-Phulgenda S, Maguire BJ, Harriss E, Ritmeijer KKD,  et al.
2021-08-10 • PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
2021-08-10 • PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
BACKGROUND
Reports on the occurrence and outcome of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in pregnant women is rare in published literature. The occurrence of VL in pregnancy is not systematic...
Journal Article
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Research

Field safety and effectiveness of new visceral leishmaniasis treatment regimens within public health facilities in Bihar, India

Goyal V, Mahajan R, Pandey K, Singh SN, Singh RS,  et al.
2018-10-22 • PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
2018-10-22 • PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
BACKGROUND
In 2010, WHO recommended the use of new short-course treatment regimens in kala-azar elimination efforts for the Indian subcontinent. Although phase 3 studies have shown e...