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Combatting antibiotic resistance 2022 | Collections | MSF Science Portal
Combatting antibiotic resistance 2022

Combatting antibiotic resistance 2022

Resistance to antibiotics is a growing public health crisis, especially in countries with fragile health systems and in regions at war. The World Health Organization has estimated that antibiotic-resistant bacteria caused nearly 1.3 million deaths in 2019, a toll that will increase significantly in the coming years if effective action is not taken.

To mark World Antimicrobial Awareness Week 2022 (18-24 November) we present a snapshot of MSF’s recent work on responding to this growing threat. Since many humanitarian settings lack laboratory capacity to diagnose these infections, MSF and partners have developed two new technologies with the potential to dramatically expand the availability of accurate diagnosis—allowing clinicians to then tailor antibiotic treatment accordingly. Other work from diverse contexts describes practices and challenges related to optimizing rational antibiotic use within health facilities and communities. Lastly, several studies characterize the patterns and prevalence of antibiotic resistance among MSF patients, from hospitalized neonates in Central African Republic to acute trauma patients in Haiti and Yemen.

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Medical and humanitarian harms of restrictive European migration policies

Medical and humanitarian harms of restrictive European migrat...
Conflict, persecution, poverty, food insecurity and natural disasters—increasingly fueled by climate change—continue to drive migration globally. Yet many wealthy countries are doubling down on hostile policies to prevent people from seeking safety within their borders, thereby subjecting them to a wide range of harms. In a newly-published report MSF focuses on European Union and member state policies that intensify exposure to violence, exploitation, risk of drowning at sea, disease, and lack of access to basic health care and shelter, both within European Union borders and beyond. The Collection linked below presents this report alongside selected publications illustrating the broader context, based on quantitative studies and accounts from MSF patients and medical teams over nearly a decade of operational experience along the European migration route. From violent, squalid detention centers in Libya— where people intercepted by the EU-supported Libyan coast guard are forcibly returned —to perilous Mediterranean crossings in flimsy rubber boats and often abysmal reception centers and camps within the EU, it documents how these policies and practices further harm highly vulnerable people seeking safety and protection.
Mental health in humanitarian settings

Mental health in humanitarian settings
Neglected tropical diseases

Neglected tropical diseases
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Complex humanitarian emergencies and other low-resource settings can be exceedingly difficult places to provide quality mental health (MH) care. Yet these environments also often have a high burden of mental health care needs. This collection presents a set of articles describing how MSF teams have adapted and evaluated ways of bringing clinically impactful MH care to neglected communities and patients—from forcibly displaced populations in northern Nigeria to Syrian refugees in Lebanon and typhoon survivors in the Philippines. It also highlights work on developing new tools for providing clinical supervision and for identifying those patients most in need of care in fragile settings, and on new approaches to delivering MH services during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Each year hundreds of thousands of people die from a neglected tropical disease, while many more suffer serious illness or lifelong disability. Yet as we mark World Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) Day on 30th January, global progress towards eliminating these diseases is threatened by shifting global health priorities and declining investment in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic.


The content collection linked below offers a snapshot of MSF’s work on managing some of the most deadly NTDs, finding better tools and models of care for highly affected populations, and advocating for greater access to care and increased global funding. Several authors describe our programs and lessons learned from a decade of treating snakebite victims in sub-Saharan Africa. Two studies evaluate shorter, less toxic treatment for visceral leischmaniasis, while a policy analysis proposes critical steps towards eliminating this horrific disease in East Africa. Last, reports from Sokoto, Nigeria describe the collaborative development of a comprehensive model of care for noma.

Conference Material
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Video

The antibiotic resistance patterns shown in an acute trauma hospital in Aden, Yemen from 2018 to June 2021

Malaeb R, Nagwan Y
2022-06-21 • Epicentre Scientific Day Paris 2022
2022-06-21 • Epicentre Scientific Day Paris 2022
Journal Article
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Research

The challenge of antibiotic resistance in post-war Mosul, Iraq: An analysis of 20 months microbiological samples from a tertiary orthopaedic care centre

M'Aiber S, Maamari K, Williams A, Albakry Z, Taher AQM,  et al.
2022-06-01 • Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
2022-06-01 • Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
BACKGROUND
Iraq has suffered unrest and conflicts in the past decades leaving behind a weakened healthcare system. In 2018, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) opened a tertiary orthopaed...
Conference Material
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Abstract

Integration of an all-in-one bacteriology laboratory (Mini-Lab) in an MSF hospital: evaluation in Carnot, CAR

Langendorf C
2022-06-01 • Epicentre Scientific Day Paris 2022
2022-06-01 • Epicentre Scientific Day Paris 2022
BACKGROUND
The Mini-Lab is a simplified and modular bacteriology laboratory being developed by MSF to improve access to microbiology diagnostics and antibiotic resistance surveillanc...
Journal Article
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Research

When first line treatment of neonatal infection is not enough: blood culture and resistance patterns in neonates requiring second line antibiotic therapy in Bangui, Central African Republic

Nebbioso A, Ogundipe OF, Repetto EC, Mekiedje C, Sanke-Waigana H,  et al.
2021-12-13 • BMC Pediatrics
2021-12-13 • BMC Pediatrics
BACKGROUND
Infectious diseases account for the third most common cause of neonatal deaths. Globally, antibiotic resistance (ABR) has been increasingly challenging neonatal sepsis tre...
Journal Article
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Review

AMR in low-resource settings: Médecins Sans Frontières bridges surveillance gaps by developing a turnkey solution, the Mini-Lab

Ronat JB, Natale A, Kesteman T, Andremont A, Elamin W,  et al.
2021-10-01 • Clinical Microbiology and Infection
2021-10-01 • Clinical Microbiology and Infection
BACKGROUND
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), data related to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are often inconsistently collected. Humanitarian, private and non-governmental ...
Journal Article
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Research

Prevalence of MDR bacteria in an acute trauma hospital in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: a retrospective analysis from 2012 to 2018

Acma A, Williams A, Repetto EC, Cabral S, Sunyoto T,  et al.
2021-09-06 • JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance
2021-09-06 • JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance
BACKGROUND
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is recognized as an increasing threat to global health. Haiti declared ABR an emerging public health threat in 2018, however, the current surve...
Conference Material
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Abstract

Practices and challenges related to antibiotic use in paediatrics in Niger and Uganda

Langendorf C
2021-06-10 • Epicentre Scientific Day Paris 2021
2021-06-10 • Epicentre Scientific Day Paris 2021
BACKGROUND
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) in children is responsible for high mortality, especially in low-income countries. Strengthening the rational use of antibiotics (ATBs) and imp...
Journal Article
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Research

AI-based mobile application to fight antibiotic resistance

Pascucci M, Royer G, Adamek J, Al Asmar M, Aristizabal D,  et al.
2021-02-19 • Nature Communications
2021-02-19 • Nature Communications
Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health threat and its development is promoted by antibiotic misuse. While disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST, also called an...
Journal Article
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Review

Behavioural interventions to address rational use of antibiotics in outpatient settings of low‐income and lower‐middle‐income countries

Nair MM, Mahajan R, Burza S, Zeegers MP
2021-01-16 • Tropical Medicine and International Health
2021-01-16 • Tropical Medicine and International Health
OBJECTIVES
To explore the current evidence on interventions to influence antibiotic prescribing behaviour of health professionals in outpatient settings in low‐income and lower‐middl...
Journal Article
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Commentary

Antibiotic resistance in conflict settings: lessons learned in the Middle East

Kanapathipillai R, Malou N, Hopman J, Bowman C, Yousef N,  et al.
2019-04-10 • Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
2019-04-10 • Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has designed context-adapted antibiotic resistance (ABR) responses in countries across the Middle East. There, some health systems have been severely damag...