Journal Article > CommentaryFull Text
BMJ Innov. 2020 August 13; Volume 6; DOI:10.1136/bmjinnov-2019-000411
Kyokan M, Ikeno F, Yagi M, Di Carlo S
BMJ Innov. 2020 August 13; Volume 6; DOI:10.1136/bmjinnov-2019-000411
Journal Article > Meta-AnalysisFull Text
PLOS Med. 2012 August 28; Volume 9 (Issue 8); DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001300
Ahuja SD, Ashkin D, Avendano M, Banerjee R, Bayona J, et al.
PLOS Med. 2012 August 28; Volume 9 (Issue 8); DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001300
Treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is lengthy, toxic, expensive, and has generally poor outcomes. We undertook an individual patient data meta-analysis to assess the impact on outcomes of the type, number, and duration of drugs used to treat MDR-TB.
Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
Nat Microbiol. 2016 March 21; Volume 1 (Issue 4); DOI:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.27
Njamkepo E, Fawal N, Tran-Dien A, Hawkey J, Strockbine N, et al.
Nat Microbiol. 2016 March 21; Volume 1 (Issue 4); DOI:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.27
Together with plague, smallpox and typhus, epidemics of dysentery have been a major scourge of human populations for centuries(1). A previous genomic study concluded that Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1), the epidemic dysentery bacillus, emerged and spread worldwide after the First World War, with no clear pattern of transmission(2). This is not consistent with the massive cyclic dysentery epidemics reported in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries(1,3,4) and the first isolation of Sd1 in Japan in 1897(5). Here, we report a whole-genome analysis of 331 Sd1 isolates from around the world, collected between 1915 and 2011, providing us with unprecedented insight into the historical spread of this pathogen. We show here that Sd1 has existed since at least the eighteenth century and that it swept the globe at the end of the nineteenth century, diversifying into distinct lineages associated with the First World War, Second World War and various conflicts or natural disasters across Africa, Asia and Central America. We also provide a unique historical perspective on the evolution of antibiotic resistance over a 100-year period, beginning decades before the antibiotic era, and identify a prevalent multiple antibiotic-resistant lineage in South Asia that was transmitted in several waves to Africa, where it caused severe outbreaks of disease.
Journal Article > Meta-AnalysisFull Text
PLOS One. 2013 February 5; Volume 8 (Issue 2); DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0055373
Davies A, Singh K, du Cros PAK, Mills EJ, Cooke GS, et al.
PLOS One. 2013 February 5; Volume 8 (Issue 2); DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0055373