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Outcomes from the first multidrug-resistant tuberculosis programme in Kenya | Journal Article / Research | MSF Science Portal
Journal Article
|Research

Outcomes from the first multidrug-resistant tuberculosis programme in Kenya

Huerga H, Bastard M, Kamene M, Wanjala S, Arnold A, Oucho N, Chikwanha I, Varaine FFV

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Abstract
SETTING
In March 2006, the first multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment programme was implemented in Kenya.

OBJECTIVE
To describe patients' treatment outcomes and adverse events.

DESIGN
A retrospective case note review of patients started on MDR-TB treatment at two Médecins Sans Frontières-supported sites and the national referral hospital of Kenya was undertaken. Sites operated an ambulatory model of care. Patients were treated for a minimum of 24 months with at least 4-5 drugs for the intensive phase of treatment, including an injectable agent.

RESULTS
Of 169 patients, 25.6% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and 89.3% were culture-positive at baseline. Adverse events occurred in 67.4% of patients: 45.9% had nausea/vomiting, 43.9% electrolyte disturbance, 41.8% dyspepsia and 31.6% hypothyroidism. The median time to culture conversion was 2 months. Treatment outcomes were as follows: 76.6% success, 14.5% deaths, 8.3% lost to follow-up and 0.7% treatment failure. HIV-positive individuals (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-11.03) and women (aOR 2.73, 95%CI 1.01-7.39) had a higher risk of unfavourable outcomes, while the risk was lower in those with culture conversion at 6 months (aOR 0.11, 95%CI 0.04-0.32).

CONCLUSION
In Kenya, where an ambulatory model of care is used for MDR-TB treatment, treatment success was high, despite high rates of HIV. Almost half of the patients experienced electrolyte disturbance and one third had hypothyroidism; this supports the view that systematic regular biochemical monitoring is needed in Kenya.

Countries

Kenya

Subject Area

antibiotic resistancetuberculosisantimicrobial resistance

Languages

English
DOI
10.5588/ijtld.16.0661
Published Date
01 Mar 2017
PubMed ID
28225342
Journal
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Volume | Issue | Pages
Volume 21, Issue 3, Pages 314-319
Issue Date
2017-03-01
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