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Journal Article > Research

Local discrepancies in measles vaccination opportunities: results of population-based surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa

Grout L, Conan N, Giner AJ, Hurtado N, Fermon F, Ngoran A, Grellety E, Minetti A, Porten K, Grais RF
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Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization recommends African children receive two doses of measles containing vaccine (MCV) through routine programs or supplemental immunization activities (SIA). Moreover, children have an additional opportunity to receive MCV through outbreak response immunization (ORI) mass campaigns in certain contexts. Here, we present the results of MCV coverage by dose estimated through surveys conducted after outbreak response in diverse settings in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: We included 24 household-based surveys conducted in six countries after a non-selective mass vaccination campaign. In the majority (22/24), the survey sample was selected using probability proportional to size cluster-based sampling. Others used Lot Quality Assurance Sampling.

Results: In total, data were collected on 60,895 children from 2005 to 2011. Routine coverage varied between countries (>95% in Malawi and Kirundo province (Burundi) while <35% in N'Djamena (Chad) in 2005), within a country and over time. SIA coverage was <75% in most settings. ORI coverage ranged from >95% in Malawi to 71.4% [95% CI: 68.9-73.8] in N'Djamena (Chad) in 2005.In five sites, >5% of children remained unvaccinated after several opportunities. Conversely, in Malawi and DRC, over half of the children eligible for the last SIA received a third dose of MCV.

Conclusions: Control pre-elimination targets were still not reached, contributing to the occurrence of repeated measles outbreak in the Sub-Saharan African countries reported here. Although children receiving a dose of MCV through outbreak response benefit from the intervention, ensuring that programs effectively target hard to reach children remains the cornerstone of measles control.
Countries
BurundiCameroonCentral African RepublicChadDemocratic Republic of CongoMalawi
Subject Area
vaccinationmeaslesoutbreaksdisease surveillance
DOI
10.1186/1471-2458-14-193
Published Date
21-Feb-2014
PubMed ID
24559281
Languages
English
Journal
BMC Public Health
Volume / Issue / Pages
Volume 14
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