Evidence-based nutrition management for under 6 months infants: outcomes of an MSF intervention in Gaza

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Breastfeeding (BF) gives children the healthiest start in life and is especially vital during emergencies. In Palestine, particularly in Gaza’s ongoing humanitarian crisis, protecting, promoting, and supporting BF is a life-saving intervention. Despite a low wasting rate (1.3% in 2022), adherence to BF practices remains below WHO targets, and many healthcare workers lack the skills to manage acute malnutrition. In emergencies, the use of breast milk substitutes (BMS) must follow strict guidelines, but supply shortages and unsafe water make BMS use risky, making BF more vital.

In October 2024, MSF-OCBA launched for the first time a nutrition intervention targeting infants under six months in Gaza, in response to the consequences of the conflict. This study aims: (1) describing health and nutrition of at-risk infants and their progress during the intervention; (2) documenting implementation of IYCF-E protocol; and (3) assessing program acceptability among mothers/caregivers.

METHODS/STUDY DESIGN

To develop this mixed method study, we will collect qualitative data from interviews with health staff and will be thematically analysed. Quantitative data from anonymized program records will undergo descriptive analysis to support the design and improvement of nutrition interventions.

RESULTS/EXPECTED RESULTS

Data from 78 infants under six months (55% female, mean age 2.3 months) admitted between November 2024 and May 2025 will be analysed; 71.8% are from Al Attar, 28.2% from Al Mawassi, with 88% presenting MUAC <100mm. We speculate that PHCCs offer a safe space for mothers to receive IYCF-E support, promote exclusive BF, and address feeding concerns. The program also enables early identification and referral of at-risk infants and safe BMS delivery with education to reduce replacement feeding risks.

CONCLUSIONS/DISCUSSION

Given the exceptional humanitarian impact in the subregion, results are expected to generate technical and programmatic recommendations to help tailor the organizations’ strategies to prevent and manage infant malnutrition in similar humanitarian crises. Timely and appropriate IYCF-E interventions save lives of the youngest children.