Journal Article > Short ReportFull Text
Clin Infect Dis. 2024 January 25; Volume 78 (Issue 1); 144-148.; DOI:10.1093/cid/ciad445
Lotia Farrukh I, Lachenal N, Adenov MM, Ahmed SM, Algozhin Y, et al.
Clin Infect Dis. 2024 January 25; Volume 78 (Issue 1); 144-148.; DOI:10.1093/cid/ciad445
Among 43 pregnant women receiving multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) treatment with bedaquiline and/or delamanid, 98% had favorable treatment outcomes. Of 31 continued pregnancies, 81% had live births with no reported malformations, and 68% of neonates had normal birth weights. Effective MDR/RR-TB treatment during pregnancy can improve maternal outcomes without harming neonates.
Journal Article > ProtocolFull Text
Trials. 2023 November 30; Volume 24 (Issue 1); 773.; DOI:10.1186/s13063-023-07701-6
Patil SB, Tamirat M, Khazhidinov K, Ardizzoni E, Atger M, et al.
Trials. 2023 November 30; Volume 24 (Issue 1); 773.; DOI:10.1186/s13063-023-07701-6
BACKGROUND
Treatment for fluoroquinolone-resistant multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR TB) often lasts longer than treatment for less resistant strains, yields worse efficacy results, and causes substantial toxicity. The newer anti-tuberculosis drugs, bedaquiline and delamanid, and repurposed drugs clofazimine and linezolid, show great promise for combination in shorter, less-toxic, and effective regimens. To date, there has been no randomized, internally and concurrently controlled trial of a shorter, all-oral regimen comprising these newer and repurposed drugs sufficiently powered to produce results for pre-XDR TB patients.
METHODS
endTB-Q is a phase III, multi-country, randomized, controlled, parallel, open-label clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a treatment strategy for patients with pre-XDR TB. Study participants are randomized 2:1 to experimental or control arms, respectively. The experimental arm contains bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine, and delamanid. The control comprises the contemporaneous WHO standard of care for pre-XDR TB. Experimental arm duration is determined by a composite of smear microscopy and chest radiographic imaging at baseline and re-evaluated at 6 months using sputum culture results: participants with less extensive disease receive 6 months and participants with more extensive disease receive 9 months of treatment. Randomization is stratified by country and by participant extent-of-TB-disease phenotype defined according to screening/baseline characteristics. Study participation lasts up to 104 weeks post randomization. The primary objective is to assess whether the efficacy of experimental regimens at 73 weeks is non-inferior to that of the control. A sample size of 324 participants across 2 arms affords at least 80% power to show the non-inferiority, with a one-sided alpha of 0.025 and a non-inferiority margin of 12%, against the control in both modified intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations.
DISCUSSION
This internally controlled study of shortened treatment for pre-XDR TB will provide urgently needed data and evidence for clinical and policy decision-making around the treatment of pre-XDR TB with a four-drug, all-oral, shortened regimen.
Treatment for fluoroquinolone-resistant multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR TB) often lasts longer than treatment for less resistant strains, yields worse efficacy results, and causes substantial toxicity. The newer anti-tuberculosis drugs, bedaquiline and delamanid, and repurposed drugs clofazimine and linezolid, show great promise for combination in shorter, less-toxic, and effective regimens. To date, there has been no randomized, internally and concurrently controlled trial of a shorter, all-oral regimen comprising these newer and repurposed drugs sufficiently powered to produce results for pre-XDR TB patients.
METHODS
endTB-Q is a phase III, multi-country, randomized, controlled, parallel, open-label clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a treatment strategy for patients with pre-XDR TB. Study participants are randomized 2:1 to experimental or control arms, respectively. The experimental arm contains bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine, and delamanid. The control comprises the contemporaneous WHO standard of care for pre-XDR TB. Experimental arm duration is determined by a composite of smear microscopy and chest radiographic imaging at baseline and re-evaluated at 6 months using sputum culture results: participants with less extensive disease receive 6 months and participants with more extensive disease receive 9 months of treatment. Randomization is stratified by country and by participant extent-of-TB-disease phenotype defined according to screening/baseline characteristics. Study participation lasts up to 104 weeks post randomization. The primary objective is to assess whether the efficacy of experimental regimens at 73 weeks is non-inferior to that of the control. A sample size of 324 participants across 2 arms affords at least 80% power to show the non-inferiority, with a one-sided alpha of 0.025 and a non-inferiority margin of 12%, against the control in both modified intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations.
DISCUSSION
This internally controlled study of shortened treatment for pre-XDR TB will provide urgently needed data and evidence for clinical and policy decision-making around the treatment of pre-XDR TB with a four-drug, all-oral, shortened regimen.
Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
Clin Infect Dis. 2022 September 15; Volume 75 (Issue 6); 1006-1013.; DOI:10.1093/cid/ciac019
Hewison CCH, Khan UT, Bastard M, Lachenal N, Coutisson S, et al.
Clin Infect Dis. 2022 September 15; Volume 75 (Issue 6); 1006-1013.; DOI:10.1093/cid/ciac019
RATIONALE
Safety of treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) can be an obstacle to treatment completion.
OBJECTIVES
Evaluate safety of longer MDR/RR-TB regimens containing bedaquiline and/or delamanid.
METHODS
Multicentre (16 countries), prospective, observational study, reporting incidence and frequency of clinically relevant adverse events of special interest (AESI) amongst patients who received MDR/RR-TB treatment containing bedaquiline and/or delamanid. The AESIs were defined a priori as important events caused by bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, injectables, and other commonly used drugs. Occurrence of these events was also reported by exposure to the likely causative agent.
RESULTS
Among 2296 patients, the most common clinically relevant AESIs were: peripheral neuropathy in 26.4%, electrolyte depletion in 26.0%, and hearing loss in 13.2% of patients. Per 1000 person-months of treatment, the incidence of these events was 21.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19.8-23.2), 20.7 (95% CI: 19.1-22.4), and 9.7 (95% CI: 8.6-10.8), respectively. QT interval was prolonged in 2.7% or 1.8 (95% CI: 1.4-2.3)/1000 person-months of treatment. Patients who received injectables (N=925) and linezolid (N=1826) were most likely to experience events during exposure: Hearing loss, acute renal failure, or electrolyte depletion occurred in 36.8% or 72.8 (95%CI: 66.0-80.0) times/1000 person-months of injectable drug exposure. Peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis and/or myelosuppression occurred in 27.8% or 22.8 (95% CI: 20.9-24.8) times/1000 patient-months of linezolid exposure.
CONCLUSIONS
Adverse events often related to linezolid and injectable drugs were more common than those frequently attributed to bedaquiline and delamanid. MDR-TB treatment monitoring schedules and individual drug durations should reflect expected safety profiles of drug combinations.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
NCT02754765
Safety of treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) can be an obstacle to treatment completion.
OBJECTIVES
Evaluate safety of longer MDR/RR-TB regimens containing bedaquiline and/or delamanid.
METHODS
Multicentre (16 countries), prospective, observational study, reporting incidence and frequency of clinically relevant adverse events of special interest (AESI) amongst patients who received MDR/RR-TB treatment containing bedaquiline and/or delamanid. The AESIs were defined a priori as important events caused by bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, injectables, and other commonly used drugs. Occurrence of these events was also reported by exposure to the likely causative agent.
RESULTS
Among 2296 patients, the most common clinically relevant AESIs were: peripheral neuropathy in 26.4%, electrolyte depletion in 26.0%, and hearing loss in 13.2% of patients. Per 1000 person-months of treatment, the incidence of these events was 21.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19.8-23.2), 20.7 (95% CI: 19.1-22.4), and 9.7 (95% CI: 8.6-10.8), respectively. QT interval was prolonged in 2.7% or 1.8 (95% CI: 1.4-2.3)/1000 person-months of treatment. Patients who received injectables (N=925) and linezolid (N=1826) were most likely to experience events during exposure: Hearing loss, acute renal failure, or electrolyte depletion occurred in 36.8% or 72.8 (95%CI: 66.0-80.0) times/1000 person-months of injectable drug exposure. Peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis and/or myelosuppression occurred in 27.8% or 22.8 (95% CI: 20.9-24.8) times/1000 patient-months of linezolid exposure.
CONCLUSIONS
Adverse events often related to linezolid and injectable drugs were more common than those frequently attributed to bedaquiline and delamanid. MDR-TB treatment monitoring schedules and individual drug durations should reflect expected safety profiles of drug combinations.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
NCT02754765
Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2020 October 1; Volume 24 (Issue 10); 1087-1094.; DOI:10.5588/ijtld.20.0115
Lachenal N, Hewison CCH, Mitnick CD, Lomtadze N, Coutisson S, et al.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2020 October 1; Volume 24 (Issue 10); 1087-1094.; DOI:10.5588/ijtld.20.0115
SETTING
Active pharmacovigilance (PV) is recommended for TB programmes, notably for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients treated with new drugs. Launched with the support of UNITAID in April 2015, endTB (Expand New Drug markets for TB) facilitated treatment with bedaquiline (BDQ) and/or delamanid of >2600 patients in 17 countries, and contributed to the creation of a central PV unit (PVU).
OBJECTIVE
To explain the endTB PVU process by describing the serious adverse events (SAEs) experienced by patients who received BDQ-containing regimens.
DESIGN
The overall PV strategy was in line with the ‘advanced´ WHO active TB drug safety monitoring and management (aDSM) system. All adverse events (AEs) of clinical significance were followed up; the PVU focused on signal detection from SAEs.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Between 1 April 2015 and 31 March 2019, the PVU received and assessed 626 SAEs experienced by 417 BDQ patients. A board of MDR-TB/PV experts reviewed unexpected and possibly drug-related SAEs to detect safety signals. The experts communicated on clusters of risks factors, notably polypharmacy and off-label drug use, encouraging a patient-centred approach of care. Organising advanced PV in routine care is possible but demanding. It is reasonable to expect local/national programmes to focus on clinical management, and to limit reporting to aDSM systems to key data, such as the SAEs.
Active pharmacovigilance (PV) is recommended for TB programmes, notably for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients treated with new drugs. Launched with the support of UNITAID in April 2015, endTB (Expand New Drug markets for TB) facilitated treatment with bedaquiline (BDQ) and/or delamanid of >2600 patients in 17 countries, and contributed to the creation of a central PV unit (PVU).
OBJECTIVE
To explain the endTB PVU process by describing the serious adverse events (SAEs) experienced by patients who received BDQ-containing regimens.
DESIGN
The overall PV strategy was in line with the ‘advanced´ WHO active TB drug safety monitoring and management (aDSM) system. All adverse events (AEs) of clinical significance were followed up; the PVU focused on signal detection from SAEs.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Between 1 April 2015 and 31 March 2019, the PVU received and assessed 626 SAEs experienced by 417 BDQ patients. A board of MDR-TB/PV experts reviewed unexpected and possibly drug-related SAEs to detect safety signals. The experts communicated on clusters of risks factors, notably polypharmacy and off-label drug use, encouraging a patient-centred approach of care. Organising advanced PV in routine care is possible but demanding. It is reasonable to expect local/national programmes to focus on clinical management, and to limit reporting to aDSM systems to key data, such as the SAEs.
Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
Clin Infect Dis. 2021 November 2; Volume 73 (Issue 9); e3496-e3504.; DOI:10.1093/cid/ciaa1577
Das M, Dalal A, Laxmeshwar C, Ravi S, Mamnoon F, et al.
Clin Infect Dis. 2021 November 2; Volume 73 (Issue 9); e3496-e3504.; DOI:10.1093/cid/ciaa1577
BACKGROUND
The Médecins Sans Frontières clinic in Mumbai, India, has been providing concomitant bedaquiline (BDQ) and delamanid (DLM) in treatment regimen for patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and limited therapeutic options, referred from other healthcare institutions, since 2016. The study documents the end-of-treatment outcomes, culture-conversion rates, and serious adverse events (SAEs) during treatment.
METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study based on routinely collected program data. In clinic, treatment regimens are designed based on culture drug sensitivity test patterns and previous drug exposures, and are provided for 20-22 months. BDQ and DLM are extended beyond 24 weeks as off-label use. Patients who initiated DR-TB treatment including BDQ and DLM (concomitantly for at least 4 weeks) during February 2016-February 2018 were included.
RESULTS
Of the 70 patients included, the median age was 25 (interquartile range [IQR], 22-32) years and 56% were females. All except 1 were fluoroquinolone resistant. The median duration of exposure to BDQ and DLM was 77 (IQR, 43-96) weeks. Thirty-nine episodes of SAEs were reported among 30 (43%) patients, including 5 instances of QTc prolongation, assessed as possibly related to BDQ and/or DLM. The majority (69%) had culture conversion before 24 weeks of treatment. In 61 (87%), use of BDQ and DLM was extended beyond 24 weeks. Successful end-of-treatment outcomes were reported in 49 (70%) patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The successful treatment outcomes of this cohort show that regimens including concomitant BDQ and DLM for longer than 24 weeks are effective and can be safely administered on an ambulatory basis. National TB programs globally should scale up access to life-saving DR-TB regimens with new drugs.
The Médecins Sans Frontières clinic in Mumbai, India, has been providing concomitant bedaquiline (BDQ) and delamanid (DLM) in treatment regimen for patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and limited therapeutic options, referred from other healthcare institutions, since 2016. The study documents the end-of-treatment outcomes, culture-conversion rates, and serious adverse events (SAEs) during treatment.
METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study based on routinely collected program data. In clinic, treatment regimens are designed based on culture drug sensitivity test patterns and previous drug exposures, and are provided for 20-22 months. BDQ and DLM are extended beyond 24 weeks as off-label use. Patients who initiated DR-TB treatment including BDQ and DLM (concomitantly for at least 4 weeks) during February 2016-February 2018 were included.
RESULTS
Of the 70 patients included, the median age was 25 (interquartile range [IQR], 22-32) years and 56% were females. All except 1 were fluoroquinolone resistant. The median duration of exposure to BDQ and DLM was 77 (IQR, 43-96) weeks. Thirty-nine episodes of SAEs were reported among 30 (43%) patients, including 5 instances of QTc prolongation, assessed as possibly related to BDQ and/or DLM. The majority (69%) had culture conversion before 24 weeks of treatment. In 61 (87%), use of BDQ and DLM was extended beyond 24 weeks. Successful end-of-treatment outcomes were reported in 49 (70%) patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The successful treatment outcomes of this cohort show that regimens including concomitant BDQ and DLM for longer than 24 weeks are effective and can be safely administered on an ambulatory basis. National TB programs globally should scale up access to life-saving DR-TB regimens with new drugs.
Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 October 20; DOI:10.1093/cid/ciaa1577
Das M, Dalal A, Laxmeshwar C, Ravi S, Mamnoon F, et al.
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 October 20; DOI:10.1093/cid/ciaa1577
Background
Médecins Sans Frontières clinic in Mumbai, India has been providing concomitant Bedaquiline (BDQ) and Delamanid (DLM) in treatment regimen for patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and limited therapeutic options, referred from other healthcare institutions, since 2016. The study documents the end-of-treatment outcomes, culture-conversion rates, and serious adverse events (SAEs) during treatment.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study based on routinely collected programme data. In clinic, treatment regimens are designed based on culture-drug sensitivity test patterns, previous drug-exposures and are provided for 20-22 months. The BDQ and DLM are extended beyond 24 weeks as off-label use. Patients who initiated DR-TB treatment including BDQ and DLM (concomitantly for at least 4 weeks) during February2016-February2018 were included.
Result
Of the 70 patients included, the median (IQR) age was 25(22-32) years and 56% were females. All except one were fluoroquinolone resistant. The median(IQR) duration of exposure to BDQ and DLM was 77(43-96) weeks. Thirty-nine episodes of serious-adverse-events(SAEs) were reported among 30(43%) patients, including five instances of QTc prolongation-assessed as possibly related to BDQ and/or DLM. Majority(69%) had culture conversion before 24 weeks of treatment. In 61(87%), use of BDQ and DLM was extended beyond 24 weeks. Successful end-of-treatment outcomes were reported in 49(70%) patients.
Conclusion
The successful treatment outcomes of this cohort show that regimens including concomitant bedaquiline and delamanid for longer than 24 weeks are effective and can be safely administered on ambulatory basis. National TB programmes globally should scale up access to life saving DR-TB regimens with new drugs.
Médecins Sans Frontières clinic in Mumbai, India has been providing concomitant Bedaquiline (BDQ) and Delamanid (DLM) in treatment regimen for patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and limited therapeutic options, referred from other healthcare institutions, since 2016. The study documents the end-of-treatment outcomes, culture-conversion rates, and serious adverse events (SAEs) during treatment.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study based on routinely collected programme data. In clinic, treatment regimens are designed based on culture-drug sensitivity test patterns, previous drug-exposures and are provided for 20-22 months. The BDQ and DLM are extended beyond 24 weeks as off-label use. Patients who initiated DR-TB treatment including BDQ and DLM (concomitantly for at least 4 weeks) during February2016-February2018 were included.
Result
Of the 70 patients included, the median (IQR) age was 25(22-32) years and 56% were females. All except one were fluoroquinolone resistant. The median(IQR) duration of exposure to BDQ and DLM was 77(43-96) weeks. Thirty-nine episodes of serious-adverse-events(SAEs) were reported among 30(43%) patients, including five instances of QTc prolongation-assessed as possibly related to BDQ and/or DLM. Majority(69%) had culture conversion before 24 weeks of treatment. In 61(87%), use of BDQ and DLM was extended beyond 24 weeks. Successful end-of-treatment outcomes were reported in 49(70%) patients.
Conclusion
The successful treatment outcomes of this cohort show that regimens including concomitant bedaquiline and delamanid for longer than 24 weeks are effective and can be safely administered on ambulatory basis. National TB programmes globally should scale up access to life saving DR-TB regimens with new drugs.