Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
Bull World Health Organ. 21 June 2012; Volume 90 (Issue 9); DOI:10.2471/BLT.11.099473
Coulborn RM, Panunzi I, Spijker S, Brant WE, Trivino Duran L, et al.
Bull World Health Organ. 21 June 2012; Volume 90 (Issue 9); DOI:10.2471/BLT.11.099473
Malawi has one of the world's highest rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (10.6%), and southern Malawi, where Thyolo district is located, bears the highest burden in the country (14.5%). Tuberculosis, common among HIV-infected people, requires radiologic diagnosis, yet Malawi has no radiologists in public service. This hinders rapid and accurate diagnosis and increases morbidity and mortality.
Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
Clin Radiol. 21 February 2017; Volume 72 (Issue 6); DOI:10.1016/j.crad.2017.01.008
Kosack CS, Spijker S, Halton J, Bonnet MMB, Nicholas S, et al.
Clin Radiol. 21 February 2017; Volume 72 (Issue 6); DOI:10.1016/j.crad.2017.01.008
To assess the impact of introducing a chest radiograph reading and recording system (CRRS) with a short training session, on the accuracy and inter-reader variability of tuberculosis (TB) interpretation of chest radiographs (CXRs) by a group of non-expert readers in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive cohort.
Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
Emerg Infect Dis. 1 July 2017; Volume 23 (Issue 7); 1139-1147.; DOI:10.3201/eid2307.170060
Bonnet MMB, Chamroeun San K, Pho Y, Sok C, Dousset JP, et al.
Emerg Infect Dis. 1 July 2017; Volume 23 (Issue 7); 1139-1147.; DOI:10.3201/eid2307.170060
Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is poorly documented in countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). We describe prevalence, risk factors, and TB program implications for NTM isolates and disease in Cambodia. A prospective cohort of 1,183 patients with presumptive TB underwent epidemiologic, clinical, radiologic, and microbiologic evaluation, including >12-months of follow-up for patients with NTM isolates. Prevalence of NTM isolates was 10.8% and of disease was 0.9%; 217 (18.3%) patients had TB. Of 197 smear-positive patients, 171 (86.8%) had TB confirmed (167 by culture and 4 by Xpert MTB/RIF assay only) and 11 (5.6%) had NTM isolates. HIV infection and past TB were independently associated with having NTM isolates. Improved detection of NTM isolates in Cambodia might require more systematic use of mycobacterial culture and the use of Xpert MTB/RIF to confirm smear-positive TB cases, especially in patients with HIV infection or a history of TB.
Journal Article > ReviewAbstract
Pediatr Radiol. 9 June 2011; Volume 41 (Issue 7); DOI:10.1007/s00247-011-2081-8
Andronikou S, McHugh K, Abdurahman N, Khoury B, Mngomezulu V, et al.
Pediatr Radiol. 9 June 2011; Volume 41 (Issue 7); DOI:10.1007/s00247-011-2081-8
Paediatric radiology requires dedicated equipment, specific precautions related to ionising radiation, and specialist knowledge. Developing countries face difficulties in providing adequate imaging services for children. In many African countries, children represent an increasing proportion of the population, and additional challenges follow from extreme living conditions, poverty, lack of parental care, and exposure to tuberculosis, HIV, pneumonia, diarrhoea and violent trauma. Imaging plays a critical role in the treatment of these children, but is expensive and difficult to provide. The World Health Organisation initiatives, of which the World Health Imaging System for Radiography (WHIS-RAD) unit is one result, needs to expand into other areas such as the provision of maintenance servicing. New initiatives by groups such as Rotary and the World Health Imaging Alliance to install WHIS-RAD units in developing countries and provide digital solutions, need support. Paediatric radiologists are needed to offer their services for reporting, consultation and quality assurance for free by way of teleradiology. Societies for paediatric radiology are needed to focus on providing a volunteer teleradiology reporting group, information on child safety for basic imaging, guidelines for investigations specific to the disease spectrum, and solutions for optimising imaging in children.