Conference Material > Video (keynote)
Bhutta ZA
MSF Paediatric Days 2022. 2022 November 30
English
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Journal Article > ReviewFull Text
Lancet Global Health. 2021 May 1; Volume 9 (Issue 5); e681-e690.; DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30539-8
Park JS, Grais RF, Taljaard M, Nakimuli-Mpungu E, Jehan F, et al.
Lancet Global Health. 2021 May 1; Volume 9 (Issue 5); e681-e690.; DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30539-8
This paper shows the scale of global health research and the context in which we frame the subsequent papers in the Series. In this Series paper, we provide a historical perspective on clinical trial research by revisiting the 1948 streptomycin trial for pulmonary tuberculosis, which was the first documented randomised clinical trial in the English language, and we discuss its close connection with global health. We describe the current state of clinical trial research globally by providing an overview of clinical trials that have been registered in the WHO International Clinical Trial Registry since 2010. We discuss challenges with current trial planning and designs that are often used in clinical trial research undertaken in low-income and middle-income countries, as an overview of the global health trials landscape. Finally, we discuss the importance of collaborative work in global health research towards generating sustainable and culturally appropriate research environments.
Journal Article > ReviewAbstract
Pathog Glob Health. 2014 January 1; Volume 108 (Issue 1); DOI:10.1179/2047773214Y.0000000126
Ali A, Jafri RZ, Messonnier N, Tevi-Benissan C, Durrheim DN, et al.
Pathog Glob Health. 2014 January 1; Volume 108 (Issue 1); DOI:10.1179/2047773214Y.0000000126
A number of countries now include meningococcal vaccines in their routine immunization programs. This review focuses on different approaches to including meningococcal vaccines in country programs across the world and their effect on the burden of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) as reflected by pre and post-vaccine incidence rates in the last 20 years. Mass campaigns using conjugated meningococcal vaccines have lead to control of serogroup C meningococcal disease in the UK, Canada, Australia, Spain, Belgium, Ireland, and Iceland. Serogroup B disease, predominant in New Zealand, has been dramatically decreased, partly due to the introduction of an outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine. Polysaccharide vaccines were used in high risk people in Saudi Arabia and Syria and in routine immunization in China and Egypt. The highest incidence region of the meningitis belt initiated vaccination with the serogroup A conjugate vaccine in 2010 and catch-up vaccination is ongoing. Overall results of this vaccine introduction are encouraging especially in countries with a moderate to high level of endemic disease. Continued surveillance is required to monitor effectiveness in countries that recently implemented these programs.
Journal Article > ReviewFull Text
J Migr Health. 2021 October 29; Volume 4; 100071.; DOI:10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100071
Cantor D, Swartz J, Roberts B, Abbara A, Ager A, et al.
J Migr Health. 2021 October 29; Volume 4; 100071.; DOI:10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100071
We seek to strengthen understanding of the health needs of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in contexts of conflict or violence. Based upon a scoping review, our paper identified limited evidence on IDP health, but nevertheless indicates that IDPs tend to experience worse health outcomes than other conflict-affected populations across a range of health issues; and this is due to the particularly vulnerable situation of IDPs relative to these other populations, including reduced access to health services. Further research is required to better understand these needs and the interventions that can most effectively address these needs.
Journal Article > ReviewFull Text
Lancet. 2021 February 6; Volume 397 (Issue 10273); DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00133-1
Gaffey MF, Waldman RJ, Blanchet K, Amsalu R, Capobianco E, et al.
Lancet. 2021 February 6; Volume 397 (Issue 10273); DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00133-1
Journal Article > ReviewFull Text
Popul Health Metr. 2013 September 10; Volume 11 (Issue 1); DOI:10.1186/1478-7954-11-17
Jafri RZ, Ali A, Messonnier NE, Tevi-Benissan C, Durrheim DN, et al.
Popul Health Metr. 2013 September 10; Volume 11 (Issue 1); DOI:10.1186/1478-7954-11-17
Neisseria meningitidis is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis globally and can also cause sepsis, pneumonia, and other manifestations. In countries with high endemic rates, the disease burden places an immense strain on the public health system. The worldwide epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) varies markedly by region and over time. This review summarizes the burden of IMD in different countries and identifies the highest-incidence countries where routine preventive programs against Neisseria meningitidis would be most beneficial in providing protection. Available epidemiological data from the past 20 years in World Health Organization and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control collections and published articles are included in this review, as well as direct communications with leading experts in the field. Countries were grouped into high-, moderate-, and low-incidence countries. The majority of countries in the high-incidence group are found in the African meningitis belt; many moderate-incidence countries are found in the European and African regions, and Australia, while low-incidence countries include many from Europe and the Americas. Priority countries for vaccine intervention are high- and moderate-incidence countries where vaccine-preventable serogroups predominate. Epidemiological data on burden of IMD are needed in countries where this is not known, particularly in South- East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean regions, so evidence-based decisions about the use of meningococcal vaccines can be made.
Journal Article > EditorialFull Text
PLOS Med. 2018 January 30; Volume 15 (Issue 1); e1002498.; DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002498
PLOS Medicine editors, Swaminathan S, Room RS, Ivers LI, Hillis G, et al.
PLOS Med. 2018 January 30; Volume 15 (Issue 1); e1002498.; DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002498
Journal Article > CommentaryFull Text
J Nutr. 2022 June 10; Online ahead of print; nxac091.; DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac091
Sadler K, James PT, Bhutta ZA, Briend A, Isanaka S, et al.
J Nutr. 2022 June 10; Online ahead of print; nxac091.; DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac091
Childhood wasting and stunting affect large numbers of children globally. Both are important risk factors for illness and death yet, despite the fact that these conditions can share common risk factors and are often seen in the same child, they are commonly portrayed as relatively distinct manifestations of undernutrition. In 2014, the Wasting and Stunting project was launched by the Emergency Nutrition Network. Its aim was to better understand the complex relationship and associations between wasting and stunting and examine whether current separations that were apparent in approaches to policy, financing, and programs were justified or useful. Based on the project's work, this article aims to bring a wasting and stunting lens to how research is designed and financed in order for the nutrition community to better understand, prevent, and treat child undernutrition. Discussion of lessons learnt focuses on the synergy and temporal relationships between children's weight loss and linear growth faltering, the proximal and distal factors that drive diverse forms of undernutrition, and identifying and targeting people most at risk. Supporting progress in all these areas requires research collaborations across interest groups that highlight the value of research that moves beyond a focus on single forms of undernutrition, and ensures that there is equal attention given to wasting as to other forms of malnutrition, wherever it is present.
Journal Article > ReviewFull Text
Lancet. 2021 February 6; Volume 397 (Issue 10273); DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00130-6
Wise PH, Shiel A, Southard N, Bendavid E, Welsh J, et al.
Lancet. 2021 February 6; Volume 397 (Issue 10273); DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00130-6
The nature of armed conflict throughout the world is intensely dynamic. Consequently, the protection of non-combatants and the provision of humanitarian services must continually adapt to this changing conflict environment. Complex political affiliations, the systematic use of explosive weapons and sexual violence, and the use of new communication technology, including social media, have created new challenges for humanitarian actors in negotiating access to affected populations and security for their own personnel. The nature of combatants has also evolved as armed, non-state actors might have varying motivations, use different forms of violence, and engage in a variety of criminal activities to generate requisite funds. New health threats, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and new capabilities, such as modern trauma care, have also created new challenges and opportunities for humanitarian health provision. In response, humanitarian policies and practices must develop negotiation and safety capabilities, informed by political and security realities on the ground, and guidance from affected communities. More fundamentally, humanitarian policies will need to confront a changing geopolitical environment, in which traditional humanitarian norms and protections might encounter wavering support in the years to come.