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Costs, cost-effectiveness, and financing of tuberculosis treatment | Collections | MSF Science Portal
Costs, cost-effectiveness, and financing of tuberculosis treatment

Costs, cost-effectiveness, and financing of tuberculosis treatment

Tuberculosis (TB) is the world's deadliest infectious disease, and the leading killer of people with HIV. TB is curable, but it can be difficult to diagnose and tough to treat, especially for increasingly prevalent drug-resistant TB. In 2023, 22,700 people started TB treatment in MSF programs. Understanding the costs and cost-effectiveness associated with TB treatment and innovations, ranging from TB diagnostics and medications to TB care models, can help to plan resource needs and allocate resources effectively. Analyzing financing mechanisms can support developing sustainable funding models for TB control.

This collection spotlights articles by MSF and collaborators to analyze and document the costs of care, particularly diagnostics and medications.

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Healthcare needs of older people in humanitarian settings

Healthcare needs of older people in humanitarian settings

Globally, the number of older people is rapidly increasing, with those aged 60+ expected to more than double by 2050—yet in humanitarian crises, they remain one of the most neglected groups. Older adults often face higher risks due to chronic illnesses, mobility issues, and limited access to appropriate care, especially in low-resource or emergency settings. Despite these needs, humanitarian responses rarely prioritize them, and data on their health and mortality are often lacking.


This collection reflects MSF’s ongoing examination of its own data and practices to identify pathways toward more age-inclusive services in humanitarian crises. It includes analysis of data from MSF-supported mental health services, inpatient departments, and sexual violence services, and further offers several calls to action and reflections on why older people remain overlooked in humanitarian crises. However, MSF also acknowledges major challenges remain, including inadequate age-inclusive services, data gaps, and the need for more geriatric expertise.


Watch this space for more publications from a Lancet Healthy Longevity series on healthcare rights and needs of older people.


The endTB project

The endTB project
Mini-Lab—MSF's simplified bacteriology laboratory for low-resource settings

Mini-Lab—MSF's simplified bacteriology laboratory for low-res...
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The endTB project aims to find shorter, less toxic and more effective treatments for ‘multidrug-resistant TB’ (MDR-TB) through:

  • access to new drugs
  • two clinical trials
  • advocacy at national and global levels

Covering 18 countries, the project is a partnership between Partners In Health, Médecins Sans Frontières, Interactive Research & Development and financial partners Unitaid and the Transformational Investment Capacity (TIC) of MSF. This collection contains the final and intermediate results of the studies, advocacy reports, and study presentations. For more information about the endTB project, visit https://endtb.org/.

Resistance to antibiotics is a growing public health crisis, especially in countries with fragile health systems and in regions at war. One key limitation in most of these settings is a lack of clinical bacteriology laboratory capacity, which leaves medical providers without ways to accurately diagnose patient infections and to tailor antibiotic treatment accordingly. To help fill this critical gap, MSF and partners have developed the Mini-Lab—a small-scale, standalone lab that is easy to transport, set up and operate by staff after only a short training. Its six modules are stocked with everything needed to diagnose common bloodstream and urinary tract infections and to perform antibiotic sensitivity testing using methods adapted to extremely hot climates and remote settings. With Mini-Lab now being rolled out to selected MSF projects, here we highlight the background to its development and some of the research behind the bacteriological tests it incorporates.
Journal Article
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Research

Trends in the availability and prices of quality-assured tuberculosis drugs: a systematic analysis of Global Drug Facility Product Catalogs from 2001 to 2024

Kohler S, Achar J, Mulder C, Sitali N, Paul N
2024-06-25 • Globalization and Health
2024-06-25 • Globalization and Health
BACKGROUND
The Global Drug Facility (GDF) of the Stop TB Partnership was launched in 2001 with the goal of increasing access to quality-assured tuberculosis (TB) drugs and products. ...
Journal Article
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Research

Costs and import costs of past, present, and future TB drug regimens: a case study for Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan

Kohler S, Sitali N, Achar J, Paul N
2022-11-23 • Journal of Public Health
2022-11-23 • Journal of Public Health
BACKGROUND
Tuberculosis (TB) drugs and their import are costly. We assessed how shorter TB drug regimens, which were non-inferior or superior in recent TB trials, can affect the cost...
Journal Article
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Research

The contribution of drug import to the cost of tuberculosis treatment: A cost analysis of longer, shorter, and short drug regimens for Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan

Kohler S, Sitali N, Achar J, Paul N
2022-08-03 • PLOS Global Public Health
2022-08-03 • PLOS Global Public Health

Tuberculosis (TB) programs depend on a continuous supply of large amounts of high-quality TB drugs. When TB programs procure TB drugs from international suppliers, such as the Global ...

Journal Article
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Research

Programme costs of longer and shorter tuberculosis drug regimens and drug import: a modelling study for Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan

Kohler S, Sitali N, Achar J, Paul N
2022-03-21 • ERJ open research
2022-03-21 • ERJ open research
BACKGROUND
The introduction of new and often shorter tuberculosis (TB) drug regimens affects the cost of TB programmes.

METHODS
We modelled drug purchase and import cost...
Journal Article
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Research

A framework for assessing import costs of medical supplies and results for a tuberculosis program in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan

Kohler S, Sitali N, Paul N
2021-08-25 • Health Data Science
2021-08-25 • Health Data Science

BACKGROUND

Import of medical supplies is common, but limited knowledge about import costs and their structure introduces uncertainty to budget planning, cost ma...

Journal Article
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Research

Health system support and health system strengthening: two key facilitators to the implementation of ambulatory tuberculosis treatment in Uzbekistan

Kohler S, Asadov DA, Bründer A, Healy S, Khamraev AK,  et al.
2016-07-12 • Health Economics Review
2016-07-12 • Health Economics Review

Uzbekistan inherited a hospital-based health system from the Soviet Union. We explore the health system-related challenges faced during the scale-up of ambulatory (outpatient) treatme...

Journal Article
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Research

Ambulatory tuberculosis treatment in post-Semashko health care systems needs supportive financing mechanisms

Kohler S, Asadov D, Brunder A, Healy S, Khamraev AK,  et al.
2014-12-01 • International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
2014-12-01 • International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
The tuberculosis (TB) control strategy in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, is being changed to decentralised out-patient care for most TB patients by the Government of Uzbekis...