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Journal Article
|Research

Treatment outcomes and tolerability of the revised WHO anti-tuberculosis drug dosages for children

Nansumba M, Kumbakumba E, Orikiriza P, Bastard M, Mwanga JP, De Beaudrap P, Bonnet MMB
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Abstract
BACKGROUND
In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised the paediatric dosages of anti-tuberculosis drugs, increasing rifampicin to 15 mg/kg, isoniazid to 10 mg/kg and pyrazinamide to 35 mg/kg. We assessed treatment outcomes, safety and adherence among children treated with the new recommended dosages.

METHODS
Prospective cohort of children started on anti-tuberculosis treatment in Uganda with 12 months of follow-up, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) monitoring. Treatment intake was observed.

RESULTS
Of 144 treated children, 81 were male (56.3%), 106 (73.6%) were aged <5 years, 30 (22%) had moderate to severe malnutrition and 48 (33.3%) had human immunodeficiency virus infection. Treatment outcomes were as follows: 117 (81.3%) successes, 3 (2.1%) failures, 4 (2.8%) lost to follow-up, 19 (13.2%) deaths and 1 (0.7%) transferred out. There was no relapse. Severe malnutrition (adjusted hazard ratio 8.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59–48.25) was the only predictor of death. Two serious adverse events were attributed to treatment: one case of increased ALT and one with peripheral neuropathy. Median ALT values at baseline and at weeks 2, 4 and 8 were respectively 24 (interquartile range [IQR] 16–39), 26 (IQR 18–38), 28 (IQR 21–40) and 27 (IQR 19–38) international units/l. Treatment adherence was above 85% on all visits.

CONCLUSION
We confirm the good tolerability of and adherence to the new treatment recommendations. The increased risk of fatal outcome among severely malnourished children requires attention.

Countries

Uganda

Subject Area

tuberculosispediatrics

Languages

English
DOI
10.5588/ijtld.17.0535
Published Date
01 Feb 2018
PubMed ID
29262982
Journal
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Volume | Issue | Pages
Volume 22, Issue 2, Pages 151-157
Issue Date
2018-02-01
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Treatment outcomes and tolerability of the revised WHO anti-tuberculosis drug dosages for children | Journal Article / Research | MSF Science Portal