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Showing 1 - 20 of 73 Items
Showing 1 - 20 of 73 Items
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Research

Diagnostic accuracy of the WHO tuberculosis treatment decision algorithms for children with presumptive tuberculosis: An individual participant data meta-analysis

Olbrich L, Larsson L, Dunbar R, Dodd PJ, Palmer M,  et al.
2025-11-18 • PLOS Medicine
2025-11-18 • PLOS Medicine

INTRODUCTION

In 2023, almost 200,000 children under 15 years died from tuberculosis, most without appropriate treatment. Treatment decision algorithms (TDAs), d...

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Evaluation of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for the prevention of COVID-19 (COPCOV): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Schilling WHK, Mukaka M, Callery JJ, Llewelyn MJ, Cruz CV,  et al.
2024-09-12 • PLOS Medicine
2024-09-12 • PLOS Medicine

BACKGROUND

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has proved ineffective in treating patients hospitalised with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), but uncertainty remains over its safety an...

Optimal evidence in difficult settings: improving health interventions and decision making in disasters

Gerdin M, Clarke M, Allen C, Kayabu B, Summerskill W,  et al.
2014-04-22 • PLOS Medicine
2014-04-22 • PLOS Medicine
Martin Gerdin and colleagues argue that disaster health interventions and decision-making can benefit from an evidence-based approach Please see later in the article for the Editors' Sum...

Measles outbreak response immunization is context-specific: insight from the recent experience of médecins sans frontières

Minetti A, Bopp C, Fermon F, Francois G, Grais RF,  et al.
2013-11-05 • PLOS Medicine
2013-11-05 • PLOS Medicine
Andrea Minetti and colleagues compare measles outbreak responses from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Malawi and argue that outbreak response strategies should be tailored to lo...

The courage to change the rules: a proposal for an essential health R&D treaty

Dentico N, Ford NP
2005-02-01 • PLOS Medicine
2005-02-01 • PLOS Medicine

Emerging priorities for HIV service delivery

Ford NP, Geng EH, Ellman T, Orrell C, Ehrenkranz PD,  et al.
2020-02-14 • PLOS Medicine
2020-02-14 • PLOS Medicine

Risk score for predicting mortality including urine lipoarabinomannan detection in hospital inpatients with HIV-associated tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa: Derivation and external validation cohort study

Gupta-Wright A, Corbett EL, Wilson D, van Oosterhout JJ, Dheda K,  et al.
2019-04-05 • PLOS Medicine
2019-04-05 • PLOS Medicine
The prevalence of and mortality from HIV-associated tuberculosis (HIV/TB) in hospital inpatients in Africa remains unacceptably high. Currently, there is a lack of tools to identify thos...

Building clinical trials capacity for tuberculosis drugs in high-burden countries

Schluger N, Karunakara U, Lienhardt C, Nyirenda T, Chaisson RE
2007-11-06 • PLOS Medicine
2007-11-06 • PLOS Medicine

Mortality in patients with HIV-1 infection starting antiretroviral therapy in South Africa, Europe, or North America: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies

Boulle AM, Schomaker M, May MT, Hogg RS, Shepherd B,  et al.
2014-09-09 • PLOS Medicine
2014-09-09 • PLOS Medicine
BACKGROUND
High early mortality in patients with HIV-1 starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa, compared to Europe and North America, is well documented. Longer-t...

Epidemiological, clinical, and public health response characteristics of a large outbreak of diphtheria among the Rohingya population in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, 2017 to 2019: A retrospective study

Polonsky JA, Ivey M, Mazhar KA, Rahman Z, le Polain de Waroux O,  et al.
2021-04-01 • PLOS Medicine
2021-04-01 • PLOS Medicine
BACKGROUND
Unrest in Myanmar in August 2017 resulted in the movement of over 700,000 Rohingya refugees to overcrowded camps in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. A large outbreak of diphtheria...

Research ethics review in humanitarian contexts: the experience of the independent Ethics Review Board of Médecins Sans Frontières

Schopper D, Upshur R, Matthys F, Singh JA, Bandewar SS,  et al.
2009-07-28 • PLOS Medicine
2009-07-28 • PLOS Medicine
Doris Schopper and colleagues describe the functioning of the Médecins Sans Frontières independent ethics review board and the framework used for ethics review, and discuss challenging e...

A Novel Electronic Algorithm using Host Biomarker Point-of-Care tests for the Management of Febrile Illnesses in Tanzanian children (e-POCT): A randomized, controlled non-inferiority trial

Keitel K, Kagoro F, Samaka J, Masimba J, Said Z,  et al.
2017-10-23 • PLOS Medicine
2017-10-23 • PLOS Medicine
The management of childhood infections remains inadequate in resource-limited countries, resulting in high mortality and irrational use of antimicrobials. Current disease management tool...

A Médecins Sans Frontières ethics framework for humanitarian innovation

Sheather J, Jobanputra K, Schopper D, Pringle J, Venis S,  et al.
2016-09-06 • PLOS Medicine
2016-09-06 • PLOS Medicine
SUMMARY POINTS

• Humanitarian organisations often have to innovate to deliver health care and aid to populations in complex and volatile contexts.

• Innovation projec...

The missed potential of CD4 and viral load testing to improve clinical outcomes for people living with HIV in lower-resource settings

Ehrenkranz PD, Baptiste SL, Bygrave H, Ellman T, Doi N,  et al.
2019-05-29 • PLOS Medicine
2019-05-29 • PLOS Medicine
In a Policy Forum, Peter Ehrenkranz and colleagues discuss the contribution of CD4 and viral load testing to outcomes for people with HIV in low- and middle-income countries.

Immunogenicity of an oral rotavirus vaccine administered with prenatal nutritional support in Niger: A cluster randomized clinical trial

Isanaka S, Garba S, Plikaytis BD, McNeal MM, Guindo O,  et al.
2021-08-10 • PLOS Medicine
2021-08-10 • PLOS Medicine
BACKGROUND
Nutritional status may play a role in infant immune development. To identify potential boosters of immunogenicity in low-income countries where oral vaccine efficacy is lo...

Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for Ebola Virus Disease (the JIKI Trial): A Historically Controlled, Single-Arm Proof-of-Concept Trial in Guinea

Sissoko D, Laouenan C, Folkesson E, M’Lebing A, Beavogui A,  et al.
2016-03-01 • PLOS Medicine
2016-03-01 • PLOS Medicine
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a highly lethal condition for which no specific treatment has proven efficacy. In September 2014, while the Ebola outbreak was at its peak, the World Health ...

Tuberculosis recurrence and mortality after successful treatment: impact of drug resistance

Cox HS, Kebede YYK, Allamuratova S, Ismailov G, Davletmuratova Z,  et al.
2006-10-01 • PLOS Medicine
2006-10-01 • PLOS Medicine
BACKGROUND: The DOTS (directly observed treatment short-course) strategy for tuberculosis (TB) control is recommended by the World Health Organization globally. However, there are few st...

Effectiveness of a monthly schedule of follow-up for the treatment of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition in Sokoto, Nigeria: a cluster randomized crossover trial

Hitchings MD, Berthe F, Aruna P, Shehu I, Ali Hamza M,  et al.
2022-03-01 • PLOS Medicine
2022-03-01 • PLOS Medicine
BACKGROUND
Community-based management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) involves weekly or biweekly outpatient clinic visits for clinical surveillance and distribution of therapeuti...

Diagnostic value of the urine lipoarabinomannan assay in HIV-positive, ambulatory patients with CD4 below 200 cells/μl in 2 low-resource settings: A prospective observational study.

Huerga H, Rucker SCM, Cossa L, Bastard M, Amoros I,  et al.
2019-04-30 • PLOS Medicine
2019-04-30 • PLOS Medicine
BACKGROUND:
Current guidelines recommend the use of the lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay (LAM) in HIV-positive, ambulatory patients with signs and symptoms of tuberculosis...

Improving men's participation in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV as a maternal, neonatal, and child health priority in South Africa

van den Berg W, Brittain K, Mercer G, Peacock D, Stinson K,  et al.
2015-04-07 • PLOS Medicine
2015-04-07 • PLOS Medicine
SUMMARY POINTS

-- Involving male partners in programmes to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV may improve programme coverage and infant outcomes.
-- Rates of male p...