Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
J Int AIDS Soc. 2018 October 21; Volume 21 (Issue 10); DOI:10.1002/jia2.25194
Etoori D, Ciglenecki I, Ndlangamandla M, Edwards CG, Jobanputra K, et al.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2018 October 21; Volume 21 (Issue 10); DOI:10.1002/jia2.25194
As antiretroviral therapy (ART) is scaled up, more patients become eligible for routine viral load (VL) monitoring, the most important tool for monitoring ART efficacy. For HIV programmes to become effective, leakages along the VL cascade need to be minimized and treatment switching needs to be optimized. However, many HIV programmes in resource-constrained settings report significant shortfalls.
Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2023 December 1; Volume 69 (Issue 8); 1898-1908.; DOI:10.1177/00207640231179323
Shaw SA, Lee CT, Ahmadi M, Karim Shor Muluk H, Mohamed Jibril Z, et al.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2023 December 1; Volume 69 (Issue 8); 1898-1908.; DOI:10.1177/00207640231179323
BACKGROUND
Among refugees residing in countries of first asylum, such as Malaysia, high rates of psychological distress call for creative intervention responses.
AIMS
This study examines implementation of a Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) model promoting emotional well-being and access to services.
METHOD
The one-session intervention was implemented in community settings by refugee facilitators during 2017 to 2020. 140 Participants including Afghan ( n = 43), Rohingya ( n = 41), and Somali ( n = 56) refugees were randomized to receive either the intervention at baseline, or to a waitlist control group. At 30 days post-intervention, all participants completed a post-assessment. Additionally, after completing the intervention, participants provided feedback on SBIRT content and process.
RESULTS
Findings indicate the intervention was feasible to implement. Among the full sample, Refugee Health Screening-15 emotional distress scores reduced significantly among participants in the intervention group when compared to those in the waitlist control group. Examining findings by nationality, only Afghan and Rohingya participants in the intervention condition experienced significant reductions in distress scores compared to their counterparts in the control condition. Examining intervention effects on service access outcomes, only Somali participants in the intervention condition experienced significant increases in service access compared to the control condition.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings indicate the potential value of this SBIRT intervention, warranting further research.
Among refugees residing in countries of first asylum, such as Malaysia, high rates of psychological distress call for creative intervention responses.
AIMS
This study examines implementation of a Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) model promoting emotional well-being and access to services.
METHOD
The one-session intervention was implemented in community settings by refugee facilitators during 2017 to 2020. 140 Participants including Afghan ( n = 43), Rohingya ( n = 41), and Somali ( n = 56) refugees were randomized to receive either the intervention at baseline, or to a waitlist control group. At 30 days post-intervention, all participants completed a post-assessment. Additionally, after completing the intervention, participants provided feedback on SBIRT content and process.
RESULTS
Findings indicate the intervention was feasible to implement. Among the full sample, Refugee Health Screening-15 emotional distress scores reduced significantly among participants in the intervention group when compared to those in the waitlist control group. Examining findings by nationality, only Afghan and Rohingya participants in the intervention condition experienced significant reductions in distress scores compared to their counterparts in the control condition. Examining intervention effects on service access outcomes, only Somali participants in the intervention condition experienced significant increases in service access compared to the control condition.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings indicate the potential value of this SBIRT intervention, warranting further research.
Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
EBioMedicine. 2017 March 19; Volume 18; 225-235.; DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.024
Rhee SY, Varghese B, Holmes SP, Van Zyl GU, Steegen K, et al.
EBioMedicine. 2017 March 19; Volume 18; 225-235.; DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.024
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) genotypic resistance defined by K65R/N and/or K70E/Q/G occurs in 20% to 60% of individuals with virological failure (VF) on a WHO-recommended TDF-containing first-line regimen. However, the full spectrum of reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations selected in individuals with VF on such a regimen is not known. To identify TDF regimen-associated mutations (TRAMs), we compared the proportion of each RT mutation in 2873 individuals with VF on a WHO-recommended first-line TDF-containing regimen to its proportion in a cohort of 50,803 antiretroviral-naïve individuals. To identify TRAMs specifically associated with TDF-selection pressure, we compared the proportion of each TRAM to its proportion in a cohort of 5805 individuals with VF on a first-line thymidine analog-containing regimen. We identified 83 TRAMs including 33 NRTI-associated, 40 NNRTI-associated, and 10 uncommon mutations of uncertain provenance. Of the 33 NRTI-associated TRAMs, 12 - A62V, K65R/N, S68G/N/D, K70E/Q/T, L74I, V75L, and Y115F - were more common among individuals receiving a first-line TDF-containing compared to a first-line thymidine analog-containing regimen. These 12 TDF-selected TRAMs will be important for monitoring TDF-associated transmitted drug-resistance and for determining the extent of reduced TDF susceptibility in individuals with VF on a TDF-containing regimen.