Journal Article > ReviewFull Text
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 20 May 2019; Volume 101; DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.19-0061
Quaglio GL, Pizzol D, Isaakidis P, Bortolani A, Tognon F, et al.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 20 May 2019; Volume 101; DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.19-0061
Breast tuberculosis (TB) is rarely reported and poorly described. This review aims to update the existing literature on risk factors, clinical presentations, constitutional symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and medical and surgical treatments for breast TB. In all, 1,478 cases of breast TB were collected. Previous history of TB was reported in 19% of cases. The most common clinical appearance of the lesion was breast lump (75%). The most common associated finding was axillary lymphadenitis (33%) followed by sinus or fistula (24%). The most common symptoms were pain and fever, reported in 42% and 28% of cases, respectively. The most used diagnostic method was fine-needle aspiration cytology (32%), followed by biopsy (27%), acid-fast bacteria Ziehl–Neelsen stain (26%), culture (13%), and polymerase chain reaction (2%). These tested positive in 64%, 93%, 27%, 26%, and 58% of cases, respectively. The majority (69%) of patients received a 6-month anti-TB treatment (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol). Surgery consisted of excision in 39% of cases, drainage in 23%, and mastectomy in 5%. The great majority of patients had a positive outcome. It often mimics breast cancer, which makes it difficult to diagnose. Most patients, when diagnosed in time, respond to antitubercular therapy alone.
Journal Article > ReviewFull Text
PLOS One. 3 April 2018; Volume 13 (Issue 4); DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0194766
Quaglio GL, Pizzol D, Bortolani A, Manenti F, Isaakidis P, et al.
PLOS One. 3 April 2018; Volume 13 (Issue 4); DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0194766
SETTING
Breast tuberculosis in male is a rarely reported and poorly described condition.
OBJECTIVE
To quantify the number of breast tuberculosis in men, to describe clinical presentation and to present the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures applied.
DESIGN
A systematic review of the literature including reports published in English, Spanish and French until December 2017.
RESULTS
The search yielded 26 cases of male breast tuberculosis, median age 56.5 years. Most presented with an isolated breast lump (89%), associated with axillary lymphadenitis (27.8%) and skin inflammation (33.3%). The most common constitutional symptoms were pain (64.7%) and fever (35.3%). Fine-needle aspiration cytology and culture were the most common diagnostic modality (61.5%). Standard anti-tuberculosis regimen was the main treatment, alone or accompanied or preceded by incision and drainage.
CONCLUSIONS
The risk of breast tuberculosis in men appears to be low, but the condition can be difficult to diagnose and the diagnostic delays can be long. Overall prognosis is good following standard anti-tuberculosis regimen with or without incision/drainage.
Breast tuberculosis in male is a rarely reported and poorly described condition.
OBJECTIVE
To quantify the number of breast tuberculosis in men, to describe clinical presentation and to present the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures applied.
DESIGN
A systematic review of the literature including reports published in English, Spanish and French until December 2017.
RESULTS
The search yielded 26 cases of male breast tuberculosis, median age 56.5 years. Most presented with an isolated breast lump (89%), associated with axillary lymphadenitis (27.8%) and skin inflammation (33.3%). The most common constitutional symptoms were pain (64.7%) and fever (35.3%). Fine-needle aspiration cytology and culture were the most common diagnostic modality (61.5%). Standard anti-tuberculosis regimen was the main treatment, alone or accompanied or preceded by incision and drainage.
CONCLUSIONS
The risk of breast tuberculosis in men appears to be low, but the condition can be difficult to diagnose and the diagnostic delays can be long. Overall prognosis is good following standard anti-tuberculosis regimen with or without incision/drainage.