Conference Material > Poster
Niykayo LF, Mahajan R, Sagrado MJ, Ajack YBP, Chol BT, et al.
MSF Paediatric Days 2024. 2024 May 3; DOI:10.57740/CO9XKuY
Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 May 2; Volume 11 (Issue 5); ofae221.; DOI:10.1093/ofid/ofae221
Moretó-Planas L, Mahajan R, Fidelle Nyikayo L, Ajack YBP, Tut Chol B, et al.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 May 2; Volume 11 (Issue 5); ofae221.; DOI:10.1093/ofid/ofae221
BACKGROUND
Over half of childhood tuberculosis (TB) remains undiagnosed yearly. WHO recommends Xpert-Ultra as a first paediatric diagnosis test, but microbiological confirmation remains low. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of Xpert-Ultra on stool and urine in presumptive paediatric TB cases in two high-TB burden settings.
METHODS
This Médecins sans Frontières cross-sectional multicentric study took place at Simão Mendes hospital, Guinea-Bissau (July 2019 to April 2020) and in Malakal hospital, South Sudan (April 2021 to June 2023). Children 6 months to 15 years with presumptive TB underwent clinical and laboratory assessment, with one respiratory and/or extrapulmonary sample (gold standard (GS)), one stool and one urine specimen analysed with Xpert-Ultra.
RESULTS
A total of 563 children were enrolled in the study, 133 from Bissau, 400 from Malakal; 30 were excluded. Confirmation of TB was achieved in 75 (14.1%) while 248 (46.5%) had unconfirmed TB. Of 553 with GS specimen, the overall diagnostic yield was 12.4% (66/533). A total of 493 and 524 samples were used to evaluate Xpert-Ultra on stool and on urine, respectively. Compared to GS, sensitivity and specificity of Xpert-Ultra on stool were 62.5%(95%CI:49.4-74) and 98.3%(95%CI:96.7-99.2), whereas on urine were 13.9%(95%CI:7.5-24.3) and 99.4%(95%CI:98.1-99.8), respectively. Nine patients were positive on stool and/or urine but negative on GS.
CONCLUSIONS
Xpert-Ultra on stool showed moderate to high sensitivity and high specificity when compared to GS and an added diagnostic yield when GS was negative. Xpert-Ultra on stool was useful in extrapulmonary cases. Xpert-Ultra in urine showed low test performance.
Over half of childhood tuberculosis (TB) remains undiagnosed yearly. WHO recommends Xpert-Ultra as a first paediatric diagnosis test, but microbiological confirmation remains low. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of Xpert-Ultra on stool and urine in presumptive paediatric TB cases in two high-TB burden settings.
METHODS
This Médecins sans Frontières cross-sectional multicentric study took place at Simão Mendes hospital, Guinea-Bissau (July 2019 to April 2020) and in Malakal hospital, South Sudan (April 2021 to June 2023). Children 6 months to 15 years with presumptive TB underwent clinical and laboratory assessment, with one respiratory and/or extrapulmonary sample (gold standard (GS)), one stool and one urine specimen analysed with Xpert-Ultra.
RESULTS
A total of 563 children were enrolled in the study, 133 from Bissau, 400 from Malakal; 30 were excluded. Confirmation of TB was achieved in 75 (14.1%) while 248 (46.5%) had unconfirmed TB. Of 553 with GS specimen, the overall diagnostic yield was 12.4% (66/533). A total of 493 and 524 samples were used to evaluate Xpert-Ultra on stool and on urine, respectively. Compared to GS, sensitivity and specificity of Xpert-Ultra on stool were 62.5%(95%CI:49.4-74) and 98.3%(95%CI:96.7-99.2), whereas on urine were 13.9%(95%CI:7.5-24.3) and 99.4%(95%CI:98.1-99.8), respectively. Nine patients were positive on stool and/or urine but negative on GS.
CONCLUSIONS
Xpert-Ultra on stool showed moderate to high sensitivity and high specificity when compared to GS and an added diagnostic yield when GS was negative. Xpert-Ultra on stool was useful in extrapulmonary cases. Xpert-Ultra in urine showed low test performance.
Conference Material > Slide Presentation
Fidelle L, Mahajan R, Gallo J, Biague E, Goncalves R, et al.
MSF Paediatric Days 2024. 2024 May 3; DOI:10.57740/rZE9YDiu3
Conference Material > Abstract
Fidelle L, Mahajan R, Gallo J, Biague E, Goncalves R, et al.
MSF Paediatric Days 2024. 2024 May 3; DOI:10.57740/EGpRP15g
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Over half of childhood tuberculosis (TB) remains undiagnosed yearly. TB culture is often unavailable. WHO recommends Xpert-Ultra as first test for diagnosis of paediatric TB, but microbiological confirmation remains low and often requires invasive procedures. We aimed to determine the utility of Xpert-Ultra in stools and urine samples to diagnose TB in children living with HIV (CLWH) in two high-TB burden settings.
METHODS
This cross-sectional multicentric study took place at Simão Mendes hospital, Guinea-Bissau, from July 2019 to April 2020, and in Malakal hospitals, South Sudan, from November 2019 to June 2023. Children 6 months to 15 years with suspected TB underwent clinical and laboratory assessment, with one respiratory or extrapulmonary sample (gold standard (GS)), one stool and one urine specimen per patient analysed with Xpert-Ultra.
RESULTS
A total of 93 HIV-positive children were enrolled from Bissau (n=57) and Malakal (n=36), with 49 (53%) females and median (IQR) age of 3.3 (1.5-10) years. Three-quarters of children had severe acute malnutrition (SAM). A total of 72 (77%) children were on ART at baseline and 26/77 (34%) had CD4 count <200cells/mm3. Confirmation of TB was achieved in 20 (22%); 51 (55%) had unconfirmed TB, and 22 (24%) had unlikely TB. Of 93 children with GS diagnosis, the overall yield of positive TB results was 22% (20/93): 10% (9/90) in pulmonary samples and 20% (1/5) in extrapulmonary samples. A total of 86 and 91 samples were used to evaluate Xpert-Ultra on stools and urine, respectively. Compared to GS, sensitivity and specificity on stools were 87.5% (95%CI:52.9-97.8) and 100% (95%CI: 95.3-100), whereas on urine were 30% (95%CI:10.8-60.3) and 100% (95%CI:95.5-100), respectively. No patients were positive in stools or urine and negative with GS.
CONCLUSIONS
Xpert-Ultra in stools showed high sensitivity and specificity in HIV-infected children when compared to gold standard. Sensitivity of urine was low, but more research is needed to determine its clinical indication.
Over half of childhood tuberculosis (TB) remains undiagnosed yearly. TB culture is often unavailable. WHO recommends Xpert-Ultra as first test for diagnosis of paediatric TB, but microbiological confirmation remains low and often requires invasive procedures. We aimed to determine the utility of Xpert-Ultra in stools and urine samples to diagnose TB in children living with HIV (CLWH) in two high-TB burden settings.
METHODS
This cross-sectional multicentric study took place at Simão Mendes hospital, Guinea-Bissau, from July 2019 to April 2020, and in Malakal hospitals, South Sudan, from November 2019 to June 2023. Children 6 months to 15 years with suspected TB underwent clinical and laboratory assessment, with one respiratory or extrapulmonary sample (gold standard (GS)), one stool and one urine specimen per patient analysed with Xpert-Ultra.
RESULTS
A total of 93 HIV-positive children were enrolled from Bissau (n=57) and Malakal (n=36), with 49 (53%) females and median (IQR) age of 3.3 (1.5-10) years. Three-quarters of children had severe acute malnutrition (SAM). A total of 72 (77%) children were on ART at baseline and 26/77 (34%) had CD4 count <200cells/mm3. Confirmation of TB was achieved in 20 (22%); 51 (55%) had unconfirmed TB, and 22 (24%) had unlikely TB. Of 93 children with GS diagnosis, the overall yield of positive TB results was 22% (20/93): 10% (9/90) in pulmonary samples and 20% (1/5) in extrapulmonary samples. A total of 86 and 91 samples were used to evaluate Xpert-Ultra on stools and urine, respectively. Compared to GS, sensitivity and specificity on stools were 87.5% (95%CI:52.9-97.8) and 100% (95%CI: 95.3-100), whereas on urine were 30% (95%CI:10.8-60.3) and 100% (95%CI:95.5-100), respectively. No patients were positive in stools or urine and negative with GS.
CONCLUSIONS
Xpert-Ultra in stools showed high sensitivity and specificity in HIV-infected children when compared to gold standard. Sensitivity of urine was low, but more research is needed to determine its clinical indication.