Journal Article > LetterFull Text
PLOS Glob Public Health. 17 October 2024; Volume 4 (Issue 10); e0003714.; DOI:10.1371/journal.pgph.0003714
McNab C, Torreele E, Alakija A, Aluso A, Cárdenas M, et al.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 17 October 2024; Volume 4 (Issue 10); e0003714.; DOI:10.1371/journal.pgph.0003714
Journal Article > CommentaryFull Text
BMJ Glob Health. 25 January 2017; Volume 2 (Issue Suppl 1); DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000238
Liu J
BMJ Glob Health. 25 January 2017; Volume 2 (Issue Suppl 1); DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000238
Journal Article > CommentaryFull Text
N Engl J Med. 9 March 2016; Volume 374 (Issue 16); DOI:10.1056/NEJMp1602278
Heymann D, Liu J, Lillywhite L
N Engl J Med. 9 March 2016; Volume 374 (Issue 16); DOI:10.1056/NEJMp1602278
Journal Article > EditorialFull Text
Bull World Health Organ. 1 April 2016; Volume 94 (Issue 4); 236–236A.; DOI:10.2471/BLT.16.172650
Delaunay S, Kahn P, Tatay M, Liu J
Bull World Health Organ. 1 April 2016; Volume 94 (Issue 4); 236–236A.; DOI:10.2471/BLT.16.172650
Journal Article > CommentaryAbstract
Int J Health Plann Manage. 3 August 2015; Volume 31 (Issue 4); DOI:10.1002/hpm.2298
Okma KG, Kay AW, Hockenberry S, Liu J, Watkins S
Int J Health Plann Manage. 3 August 2015; Volume 31 (Issue 4); DOI:10.1002/hpm.2298
Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
Front Public Health. 8 December 2014; Volume 2; DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00266
Martinez Garcia D, Bonnardot L, Olson D, Roggeveen H, Karsten J, et al.
Front Public Health. 8 December 2014; Volume 2; DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00266
We conducted a retrospective analysis of all pediatric cases referred by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) field doctors via the MSF telemedicine system during a 4-year period from April 2010. A total of 467 pediatric cases were submitted, representing approximately 40% of all telemedicine cases. The median age of the patients was 4 years. The median response time (i.e., the interval between the case being submitted and the first response from a specialist) was 13 h (interquartile range 4-32 h). We selected a random sample of 12 pediatric cases in each of four age categories for detailed analysis by an experienced MSF pediatrician. In the 48 randomly selected cases, the mean rating for the quality of information provided by the referrer was 2.8 (on a scale from 1 = very poor to 5 = very good), and the mean rating for the appropriateness of the response was 3.3 (same scale). More than two-thirds of the responses were considered to be useful to the patient, and approximately three-quarters were considered to be useful to the medical team. The usefulness of the responses tended to be higher for the medical team than for the patient, and there was some evidence that usefulness to both groups was lower in newborns and adolescent patients. The telemedicine system allows the quality of the medical support given to medical teams in the field to be controlled objectively as there is a record of all cases and answers. Telemedicine has an important role in supporting the aims of medical humanitarian organizations such as MSF.
Journal Article > CommentaryFull Text
Nature. 3 August 2015; Volume 524 (Issue 7563); DOI:10.1038/524027a
Liu J
Nature. 3 August 2015; Volume 524 (Issue 7563); DOI:10.1038/524027a
Journal Article > CommentarySubscription Only
Lancet. 18 November 2000; Volume 356 (Issue 9243); 1762.; DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03217-7
Salignon P, Cabrol JC, Liu J, Legros D, Brown V, et al.
Lancet. 18 November 2000; Volume 356 (Issue 9243); 1762.; DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03217-7
Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 31 December 2021; Volume 10 (Issue 12); 1062-1070.; DOI:10.1093/jpids/piab080
Platts-Mills JA, Houpt ER, Liu J, Zhang J, Guindo O, et al.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 31 December 2021; Volume 10 (Issue 12); 1062-1070.; DOI:10.1093/jpids/piab080
BACKGROUND
High-resolution data on the etiology of childhood diarrhea in countries with the highest burden and mortality remain sparse and are needed to inform burden estimates and prioritize interventions.
METHODS
We tested stool specimens collected between October 2014 and December 2017 from children under 2 years of age from the per-protocol population of a placebo-controlled clinical trial of a bovine rotavirus pentavalent vaccine (Rotasiil) in Niger. We tested 1729 episodes of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (Vesikari score ≥ 7) using quantitative PCR and estimated pathogen-specific burdens by age, season, severity, and trial intervention arm.
RESULTS
The 4 pathogens with the highest attributable incidence of diarrhea were Shigella (7.2 attributable episodes per 100 child-years; 95% confidence interval: 5.2, 9.7), Cryptosporidium (6.5; 5.8, 7.2), rotavirus (6.4; 5.9, 6.7), and heat-stabile toxin-producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ST-ETEC) (6.2; 3.1, 7.7). Cryptosporidium was the leading etiology of severe diarrhea (Vesikari score ≥ 11) and diarrhea requiring hospitalization. Shigella was the leading etiology of diarrhea in children 12-23 months of age but also had a substantial burden in the first year of life, with 60.5% of episodes of severe shigellosis occurring in infants. Shigella, Cryptosporidium, and ST-ETEC incidence peaked during the warmer and wetter period and coincided with peak all-cause diarrhea incidence.
CONCLUSIONS
In this high-burden setting, the leading diarrheal pathogens were Shigella, Cryptosporidium, rotavirus, and ST-ETEC, and each was disproportionately seen in infants. Vaccine development should target these pathogens, and the impact of vaccine schedule on diarrhea burden in the youngest children will need to be considered.
High-resolution data on the etiology of childhood diarrhea in countries with the highest burden and mortality remain sparse and are needed to inform burden estimates and prioritize interventions.
METHODS
We tested stool specimens collected between October 2014 and December 2017 from children under 2 years of age from the per-protocol population of a placebo-controlled clinical trial of a bovine rotavirus pentavalent vaccine (Rotasiil) in Niger. We tested 1729 episodes of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (Vesikari score ≥ 7) using quantitative PCR and estimated pathogen-specific burdens by age, season, severity, and trial intervention arm.
RESULTS
The 4 pathogens with the highest attributable incidence of diarrhea were Shigella (7.2 attributable episodes per 100 child-years; 95% confidence interval: 5.2, 9.7), Cryptosporidium (6.5; 5.8, 7.2), rotavirus (6.4; 5.9, 6.7), and heat-stabile toxin-producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ST-ETEC) (6.2; 3.1, 7.7). Cryptosporidium was the leading etiology of severe diarrhea (Vesikari score ≥ 11) and diarrhea requiring hospitalization. Shigella was the leading etiology of diarrhea in children 12-23 months of age but also had a substantial burden in the first year of life, with 60.5% of episodes of severe shigellosis occurring in infants. Shigella, Cryptosporidium, and ST-ETEC incidence peaked during the warmer and wetter period and coincided with peak all-cause diarrhea incidence.
CONCLUSIONS
In this high-burden setting, the leading diarrheal pathogens were Shigella, Cryptosporidium, rotavirus, and ST-ETEC, and each was disproportionately seen in infants. Vaccine development should target these pathogens, and the impact of vaccine schedule on diarrhea burden in the youngest children will need to be considered.
Journal Article > CommentaryFull Text
Nature. 6 August 2015; Volume 524 (Issue 7563); 27-29.; DOI:10.1038/524027a
Liu J
Nature. 6 August 2015; Volume 524 (Issue 7563); 27-29.; DOI:10.1038/524027a