Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
Sci Rep. 2019 May 13; Volume 9 (Issue 1); 7314.; DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-43785-4
Nouhin J, Iwamoto M, Prak S, Doussett JP, Phon K, et al.
Sci Rep. 2019 May 13; Volume 9 (Issue 1); 7314.; DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-43785-4
In Cambodia, little epidemiological data of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is available. All previous studies were limited to only small or specific populations. In the present study, we performed a characterization of HCV genetic diversity based on demography, clinical data, and phylogenetic analysis of HCV non-structural 5B (NS5B) sequences belonging to a large cohort of patients (n = 3,133) coming from majority part of Cambodia between September 2016 and December 2017. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that HCV genotype 1 and 6 were the most predominant and sharing equal proportions (46%). The remaining genotypes were genotype 2 (4.3%) and unclassified variants (3.6%). Among genotype 1, subtype 1b was the most prevalent subtype accounting for 94%. Within genotype 6, we observed a high degree of diversity and the most common viral subtypes were 6e (44%) and 6r (23%). This characteristic points to the longstanding history of HCV in Cambodia. Geographic specificity of viral genotype was not observed. Risks of HCV infection were mainly associated with experience of an invasive medical procedure (64.7%), having partner with HCV (19.5%), and blood transfusion (9.9%). In addition, all of these factors were comparable among different HCV genotypes. All these features define the specificity of HCV epidemiology in Cambodia.
Journal Article > ResearchFull Text
Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 July 1; Volume 23 (Issue 7); 1139-1147.; DOI:10.3201/eid2307.170060
Bonnet MMB, Chamroeun San K, Pho Y, Sok C, Dousset JP, et al.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 July 1; Volume 23 (Issue 7); 1139-1147.; DOI:10.3201/eid2307.170060
Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is poorly documented in countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). We describe prevalence, risk factors, and TB program implications for NTM isolates and disease in Cambodia. A prospective cohort of 1,183 patients with presumptive TB underwent epidemiologic, clinical, radiologic, and microbiologic evaluation, including >12-months of follow-up for patients with NTM isolates. Prevalence of NTM isolates was 10.8% and of disease was 0.9%; 217 (18.3%) patients had TB. Of 197 smear-positive patients, 171 (86.8%) had TB confirmed (167 by culture and 4 by Xpert MTB/RIF assay only) and 11 (5.6%) had NTM isolates. HIV infection and past TB were independently associated with having NTM isolates. Improved detection of NTM isolates in Cambodia might require more systematic use of mycobacterial culture and the use of Xpert MTB/RIF to confirm smear-positive TB cases, especially in patients with HIV infection or a history of TB.